References

  1. No authors listed. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop. Ocul Surf. 2007;5(2):75-92. PubMed

  2. Bekibele CO, Baiyeroju AM, Ajaiyeoba A, Akang EEU, Ajayi BGK. Case control study of dry eye and related ocular surface abnormalities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int Ophthalmol. 2010;30(1):7-13. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2008;31(Supplement 1):S55-S60.

  4. International Diabetes Federation. Promoting diabetes care, prevention and a cure worldwide. Diabetes Atlas, fifth edition. Accessed 09 October 2017

  5. Rehany U, Ishii Y, Lahav M, Rumelt S. Ultrastructural changes in corneas of diabetic patients: an electron-microscopy study. Cornea.2000;19(4):534-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Inoue K, Kato S, Ohara C, Numaga J, Amano S, Oshika T. Ocular and systemic factors relevant to diabetic keratoepitheliopathy. Cornea. 2001;20(8):798-801. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. Alves Mde C, Carvalheira JB, Modulo CM, Rocha EM. Tear film and ocular surface changes in diabetes mellitus. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2008;71(6):96-103. PubMed | Google Scholar

  8. Goebbels M. Tear secretion and tear film function in insulin dependent diabetics. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84(1):19-21. PubMed | Google Scholar

  9. Hom M, De Land P. Self-reported dry eyes and diabetic history. Optometry.2006;77(11):554-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. Kaiserman IN, Kaiserman N, Nakar S, Vinker S. Dry eye in diabetic patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;139:498-503. PubMed | Google Scholar

  11. Seifart U, Strempel I. Trockenes Auge und Diabetes mellitus [The dry eye and diabetes mellitus]. Der Ophthalmologe. 1994;91(2):235-9. PubMed

  12. Nepp J, Abela C, Polzer I, Derbolav A, Wedrich A. Is there a correlation between the severity of diabetic retinopathy and keratoconjunctivitis sicca? Cornea. 2000;19(4):487-91. Google Scholar

  13. Fuerst N, Langelier N, Massaro-Giordano M, Pistilli M, Stasi K, Burns C, Cardillo S, Bunya VY. Tear osmolarity and dry eye symptoms in diabetics. Clin Ophthalmol. 2014;8:507-15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  14. Manaviat MR, Rashidi M, Afkhami-Ardekani M, Shoja MR. Prevalence of dry eye syndrome and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetic patients. BMC Ophthalmol. 2008;8(1):10-13. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Yu L, Chen X, Qin G, Xie H, Lv P. Tear film function in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 2008;222(4):284-91. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Najafi L, Malek M, Valojerdi AE, Aghili R, Khamseh ME, Fallah AE et al. Dry eye and its correlation to diabetes microvascular complications in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications. 2013;27(5):459-62. PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Dogru M, Katakami C, Inoue M. Tear function and ocular surface changes in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmology. 2001;108(3):586-92. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Grus FH, Sabuncuo P, Dick HB, Augustin AJ, Pfeiffer N. Changes in the tear proteins of diabetic patients. BMC Ophthalmol. 2002;2(1):4-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Schiffman RM, Christianson MD, Jacobsen G, Hirsch JD, Reis BL. Reliability and validity of the Ocular Surface Disease Index. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:615-21. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Miljanovic B, Dana R, Sullivan DA, Schaumberg DA. Impact of dry eye syndrome on vision-related quality of life. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007;143(4):409-15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. Begley CG, Caffery B, Chalmers RL, Mitchell GL. Use of the dry eye questionnaire to measure symptoms of ocular irritation in patients with aqueous tear deficient dry eye. Cornea. 2002;21(7):664-70. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. Onwubiko SN, Eze BI, Udeh NN, Arinze OC, Onwasigwe EN, Umeh RE. Dry Eye disease: prevalence, distribution and determinants in a hospital-based population. Contact Lens Ant Eye. 2014; 37(3):157-161. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Olaniyan SI, Fasina O, Bekibele CO, Ogundipe AO. Dry eye disease in an adult population in South-West Nigeria. Contact Lens Ant Eye. 2016; 39:359-364. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Prevalence of and risk factors for dry eye syndrome. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:1264-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. Incidence of dry eye in an older population. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122(3):369-73. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. Nathan DM, Turgeon H, Regan S. Relationship between glycated haemoglobin levels and mean glucose levels over time. Diabetologia. 2007;50(11):2239-44. PubMed | Google Scholar

  27. International Expert Committee. International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1327-34. Google Scholar

  28. Diabetes Complications Trial Research Group. The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes. 1995;44(8):968-83. Google Scholar

  29. Bron AJ, Smith JA, Calonge M. Methodologies to diagnose and monitor dry eye disease: report of the Diagnostic Methodology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007;5(2):108-52. PubMed | Google Scholar

  30. McCarty CA, Bansal AK, Livingston PM, Stanislavsky YL, Taylor HR. The epidemiology of dry eye in Melbourne, Australia. Ophthalmology. 1998;105:1114-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  31. Sullivan BD, Evans JE, Dana MR, Sullivan DA. Influence of aging on the polar and neutral lipid profiles in human meibomian gland secretions. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006;124(9):1286-92. PubMed | Google Scholar

  32. Sagdik HM, Ugurbas SH, Can M, Tetikoglu M, Ugurbas E, Ugurbas SC, Alpay A, Uçar F. Tear film osmolarity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Ophthalmic Res.2013;50(1):1-5. PubMed | Google Scholar

  33. Stern ME, Beuerman RW, Fox RI, Gao J, Mircheff AK, Pflugfelder SC. The pathology of dry eye: the interaction between the ocular surface and lacrimal glands. Cornea, 1998;17(6):584-9. Google Scholar

  34. Goto E, Yagi Y, Matsumoto Y, Tsubota K. Impaired functional visual acuity of dry eye patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002;33:181-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  35. Tutt R, Bradley A, Begley C, Thibos LN. Optical and visual impact of tear break-up in human eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000;41:4117-23. PubMed | Google Scholar

  36. Nichols KK, Nichols JJ, Mitchell GL. The lack of association between signs and symptoms in patients with dry eye disease. Cornea. 2004;23(8):762-70. PubMed | Google Scholar

  37. Rahman A, Yahya K, Ahmed T, Sharif-Ul-Hasan K. Diagnostic value of tear films tests in type 2 diabetes. JPak Med Ass. 2007;57(12):577-80. PubMed | Google Scholar