References

  1. World Health Organization. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data 2015. WHO. 2015;3:23.

  2. UNAIDS, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS. Factsheet July 2017. Global HIV Statistics. 2017;1-8.

  3. UNAIDS, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS. UNAIDS DATA 2017. UNAIDS. 2017; 1-248.

  4. Kharsany ABM, Karim QA. HIV infection and AIDS in Sub-saharan Africa: current status, challenges and opportunities. Open AIDS J. 2016 Apr 8;10:34-48. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. Statistics South Africa. Statistical release p0302 mid-year population estimates 2017. In: Africa SS, editor. South Africa 2017. p. 1-22.

  6. Avert. HIV and AIDS in South Africa. Acessed on November 14, 2018.

  7. South African National AIDS Council (SANAC), Limpopo Provincial AIDS Council (LPAC). Annual progress report 2015/16. Provincial Strategic Plan (PSP) 2012-2016. Acessed on November 14, 2018.

  8. World Health Organization. Antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection in adults and adolescents: recommendations for a public health approach. WHO. 2010. Google Scholar

  9. Department of Health Limpopo. Operational plan on comprehensive HIV and AIDS Care. 2015.

  10. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. WHO. 2013. Google Scholar

  11. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach: WHO. 2016. Google Scholar

  12. Chaiyachati KH, Ogbuoji O, Price M, Suthar AB, Negussie EK, Bärnighausen T. Interventions to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a rapid systematic review. AIDS. 2014 Mar;28 Suppl 2:S187-204. PubMed | Google Scholar

  13. Thompson MA, Mugavero MJ, Amico K et al. Guidelines for improving entry into and retention in care and antiretroviral adherence for persons with hiv: Evidence-based recommendations from an international association of physicians in aids care panel. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156 (11):817-33. PubMed | Google Scholar

  14. Xu L, Munir K, Kanabkaew C, Le Coeur S. Factors influencing antiretroviral treatment suboptimal adherence among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents in Thailand. PloS One. 2017;12 (2):e0172392. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Ndiaye M, Nyasulu P, Nguyen H et al. Risk factors for suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence in HIV-infected adolescents in Gaborone, Botswana: a pilot cross-sectional study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2013 Sep 11;7:891-5. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Heestermans T, Browne JL, Aitken SC, Vervoort SC, Klipstein-Grobusch K. Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-positive adults in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2016;1(4):e000125. PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Johnson MO, Chesney MA, Goldstein RB et al. Positive provider interactions, adherence self-efficacy, and adherence to antiretroviral medications among HIV infected adults: a mediation model. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2006;20(4):258-68. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Dewing S, Mathews C, Fatti G, Grimwood A, Boulle A. Antiretroviral adherence interventions in Southern Africa: implications for using HIV treatments for prevention. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2014;11(1):63-71. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Chesney MA, Ickovics J, Chambers D et al. Self-reported adherence to antiretroviral medications among participants in HIV clinical trials: the AACTG adherence instruments. AIDS Care. 2000;12(3):255-66. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Meintjes G, Conradie J, Cox V et al. Adult antiretroviral therapy guidelines 2014. South Afr J HIV Med. 2014;15(4):121-43. Google Scholar

  21. Sabaté E. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action: WHO; 2003. Google Scholar

  22. Sethi AK, Celentano DD, Gange SJ, Moore RD, Gallant JE. Association between adherence to antiretroviral therapy and human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance. Clin Infect Dis. 2003;37(8):1112-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Mthembu TG, Van Wyk B. Patients' knowledge and beliefs about antiretroviral treatment and factors associated with adherence in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. Health SA Gesondheid (Online). 2014;19(1):1-7. Google Scholar

  24. Charurat M, Oyegunle M, Benjamin R et al. Patient retention and adherence to antiretrovirals in a large antiretroviral therapy program in Nigeria: a longitudinal analysis for risk factors. PloS One. 2010;5(5):e10584. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Reda AA, Biadgilign S. Determinants of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected patients in Africa. AIDS Res Treat. 2012;2012:574656. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. Bhat V, Ramburuth M, Singh M et al. Factors associated with poor adherence to anti-retroviral therapy in patients attending a rural health centre in South Africa. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010;29(8):947-53. PubMed | Google Scholar

  27. Morojele NK, Kekwaletswe CT, Nkosi S. Associations between alcohol use, other psychosocial factors, structural factors and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among South African ART recipients. AIDS and Behav. 2014;18(3):519-24. PubMed | Google Scholar

  28. Hormes JM, Gerhardstein KR, Griffin PT. Brief screening for alcohol use disorders in HIV primary care. HIV Clin. 2011;23(4):8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  29. Tapp C, Milloy M, Kerr T et al. Female gender predicts lower access and adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a setting of free healthcare. BMC Infect Dis. 2011;11(1):86. PubMed | Google Scholar

  30. Boima V, Ademola AD, Odusola AO et al. Factors associated with medication nonadherence among hypertensives in Ghana and Nigeria. Int J Hypertens. 2015; 2015: 205716. PubMed | Google Scholar

  31. Venkatesh KK, Srikrishnan A, Mayer KH et al. Predictors of nonadherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected South Indians in clinical care: implications for developing adherence interventions in resource-limited settings. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2010 Dec;24(12):795-803. PubMed | Google Scholar

  32. McKinney O, Modeste NN, Lee JW, Gleason PC, Maynard-Tucker G. Determinants of antiretroviral therapy adherence among women in southern Malawi: healthcare providers' perspectives. AIDS Res Treat. 2014;2014:489370. PubMed | Google Scholar

  33. Markos E, Worku A, Davey G. Adherence to ART in PLWHA and Yirgalem Hospital, South Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2008;22(2):174-9. Google Scholar

  34. Langebeek N, Gisolf EH, Reiss P et al. Predictors and correlates of adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) for chronic HIV infection: a meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2014 Aug 21;12:142. PubMed | Google Scholar

  35. Hornschuh S, Dietrich JJ, Tshabalala C, Laher F. Antiretroviral treatment adherence: knowledge and experiences among adolescents and young adults in Soweto, South Africa. AIDS Res Treat. 2017;2017:5192516. PubMed | Google Scholar

  36. Mbuagbaw L, Thabane L, Ongolo-Zogo P et al. Trends and determining factors associated with adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Cameroon: a systematic review and analysis of the CAMPS trial. AIDS Res Ther. 2012;9(1):37. PubMed | Google Scholar

  37. Simoni JM, Kurth AE, Pearson CR, Pantalone DW, Merrill JO, Frick PA. Self-report measures of antiretroviral therapy adherence: a review with recommendations for HIV research and clinical management. AIDS and Behav. 2006;10(3):227-45. PubMed | Google Scholar

  38. Stirratt MJ, Dunbar-Jacob J, Crane HM et al. Self-report measures of medication adherence behavior: recommendations on optimal use. Transl Behav Med. 2015;5(4):470-82. PubMed | Google Scholar