References

  1. Tulchinsky TH, Varavikova E. The New Public Health. Academic Press 2009.

  2. Azman AS, Rudolph KE, Cummings DAT et al. The incubation period of cholera: a systematic review. J Infect. 2013; 66(5): 432-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. Lamond E, Kinyanjui J. Cholera outbreak guidelines: preparedness, prevention and control. Policy Pract. Published Online First: 13 August 2012. Accessed 23 Jul 2017.

  4. Adagbada AO, Adesida SA, Nwaokorie FO et al. Cholera epidemiology in Nigeria: an overview. Pan Afr Med J. 2012; 12: 59. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. Ali M, Nelson AR, Lopez AL et al. Updated global burden of cholera in endemic countries. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jun 4; 9(6): e0003832. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. WHO. Weekly Epidemiological Record (WER). Accessed 23 Jul 2017.

  7. Jabeen K, Zafar A, Hasan R. Increased isolation of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Inaba over serotype Ogawa in Pakistan. . Published Online First: 2008. Accessed 23 Jul 2017.

  8. Organization WH, others. Technical guidelines for integrated disease surveillance and response in the African Region October 2010. Published Online First: 2010. Accessed 23 Jul2017.

  9. Hutin Y, Luby S, Paquet C. A large cholera outbreak in Kano City, Nigeria: the importance of hand washing with soap and the danger of street-vended water. J Water Health. 2003; 1(1): 45-52. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. CDC. Epi InfoTM. Training resources. User guide. Accessed 23 Jul 2017.

  11. Roy M, Zinck RD, Bouma MJ et al. Epidemic cholera spreads like wildfire. 2014; 4: 3710. Google Scholar

  12. CDC. Principles of epidemiology in public health practice, third edition an introduction to applied epidemiology and biostatistics. Accessed 23 Jul 2017.

  13. Lantagne D, Balakrish Nair G, Lanata CF et al. The cholera outbreak in Haiti: where and how did it begin. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2014; 379: 145-64. PubMed | Google Scholar

  14. Rebaudet S, Sudre B, Faucher B et al. Environmental determinants of cholera outbreaks in Inland Africa: a systematic review of main transmission foci and propagation routes. J Infect Dis. 2013; 208(suppl-1): S46-54. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Dunkle SE, Mba-Jonas A, Loharikar A et al. Epidemic cholera in a crowded urban environment, Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Emerg Infect Dis. 2011; 17(11): 2143-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Finkelstein RA. Cholera, Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 and Other Pathogenic Vibrios, In: Baron S, ed Medical Microbiology. Galveston (TX): University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. Finkelstein RA. 1996; 24 PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Aiello AE, Coulborn RM, Perez V et al. Effect of hand hygiene on infectious disease risk in the community setting: a meta-analysis. Am J Public Health. 2008; 98(8): 1372-81. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Mathur P. Hand hygiene: back to the basics of infection control. Indian J Med Res. 2011; 134(5): 611-20. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Huang DB, Zhou J. Effect of intensive handwashing in the prevention of diarrhoeal illness among patients with AIDS: a randomized controlled study. J Med Microbiol. 2007; 56(Pt 5): 659-63. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Rabie T, Curtis V. Handwashing and risk of respiratory infections: a quantitative systematic review. Trop Med Int Health TM IH. 2006; 11(3): 258-67. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. Kampf G, Kramer A. Epidemiologic background of hand hygiene and evaluation of the most important agents for scrubs and rubs. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004; 17(4): 863-893. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. WHO. Ebola virus disease. Accessed 23 Jul 2017.

  23. Boyce JM, Pittet D, Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee et al. Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep Morb Mortal Wkly Rep Recomm Rep. 2002; 51(RR-16): 1-45, quiz CE1-4. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Huq A, Haley BJ, Taviani E et al. Detection, Isolation and Identification of Vibrio cholerae from the Environment: In: Coico R, Kowalik T, Quarles J et al, eds. Current Protocols in Microbiology, Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2012. Google Scholar

  25. Xu HS, Roberts N, Singleton FL et al. Survival and viability of nonculturable Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae in the estuarine and marine environment. Microb Ecol. 1982; 8(4): 313-23. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. WHO. First steps for managing an outbreak of acute diarrhoea. Accessed 23 Jul 2017.