References

  1. UNAIDS. The gap Report. Geneva, Switzerland. 2014.

  2. UNFPA. Country profiles for population and reproductive health: policy developments and indicators. 2005. Cameroon 26-27. Accessed 07/08/2011.

  3. Cameroon National Institute of Statistics. 2011 Cameroon Demographic and Health Survey and Multiple Indicators Cluster Survey (DHS-MICS): HIV prevalence. Calverton, MD: MEASURE DHS. 2012.

  4. USAID. Out-of-school youth in Developing Countries: What the data do (and do not) tell us: Policy Studies and Issue Paper Series. 2010. Washington DC, USA. Google Scholar

  5. Haddison EC, Ngeufack-Tsague G, Noubom M, Mbatcham W, Ndumbe PM, Mbopi-Keou, X. Voluntary counseling and testing for HIV among high school students in the Tiko Health District, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J. 2012; 13: 18. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Tarkang EE. Age at sexual debut and associated factors among high school female learners in Limbe urban area of Cameroon. GARJSS. 2013b; 2(7): 163-168.

  7. Tarkang EE. Correlates of consistent condom use among secondary school female students in Limbe urban city, Cameroon. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2013c; 2(8): 245-259. Google Scholar

  8. Gillespie S, Greener R, Whiteside A, Whitworth J. Investigating the empirical evidence for understanding vulnerability and the associations between poverty, HIV infection and AIDS impact. AIDS. 2007; 21(7): S1-S4. PubMed | Google Scholar

  9. Tarkang EE. Factors associated with consistent condom use among senior secondary school female learners in Mbonge subdivision of rural Cameroon. JAHR. 2013a; 5(6): 214-223. Google Scholar

  10. Fonjong L. Fostering women's participation in development through Non-governmental efforts in Cameroon. Geographical Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. 2001; 167(3): 223-234. Google Scholar

  11. Hall PA, Holmqvist M, Sherry SB. Risky adolescent sexual behaviour: a psychological perspective for primary care clinicians. 2004. Accessed on 19/09/2013.

  12. Irwin CE, Igra V, Eyre S, Millstein S. Risk-taking behaviour in adolescents: the paradigm. 2005. Accessed 19/09/2013.

  13. Agardh A, Emmelin M, Muriisa R, Ostergren PO. Social capital and sexual behavior among Uganda University students. Glob Health Action. 2010; 27: 3. PubMed | Google Scholar

  14. Gilborn LZ. The effect of HIV infection and AIDS on children in Africa. West J Med. 2002; 176(1): 12-14. PubMed

  15. Nyindo M. Complementary factors contributing to the rapid spread of HIV-1 in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review. East Afr Med J. 2005; 82(1): 40-46. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Tarkang EE. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding HIV/AIDS and sexual behaviours among senior secondary school learners in Kumba, Cameroon. 2009. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of South Africa (UNISA). Google Scholar

  17. Volk JE, Prestage G, Jin F, kaldor J, Ellard J, Kippax S, Grulich AE. Risk factor for HIV seroconversion in homosexual men in Australia. Sex Health. 2006; 3(1): 45-51. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. UN. Implementation of the world programme of action for youth: Report of the Secretary General. United Nations general assembly, 2009. New York.

  19. Tarkang EE. Multiple sexual partnership and perception of risk of HIV infection among out-of-school youths aged 15-24 in Cameroon: a short communication. Central African Journal of Public Health. 2015; 1(1): 9-13.

  20. Rapport de presentation des resultats definitifs. Bureau Central des Recensement et des Etudes de Population. Cameroon. 2010. BUCREP, Yaounde, Cameroon.

  21. Kumba Urban Council Cameroon. Kumba Urban Council Statistical Year Book. The Cameroon National Printing Press, Buea. 2000.

  22. Adebiyi AO, Asuzu MC. Condom use amongst out-of-school youths in a local government area in Nigeria. African Health Sciences. 2009; 9(2): 92-97. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Essien EJ, Monjok E, Chen H, Abughosh S, Ekong E, Peters RJ, Holmes Jr L, Holstad MM, Mgbere O. Correlates of HIV knowledge and sexual risk behaviors among female military personnel. AIDS Behav. 2010; 14(6): 1401-14. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Oladepo O, Fayemi MM. Perceptions about sexual abstinence and knowledge of HIV/AIDS prevention among in school adolescents in a western Nigerian city. BMC Public Health. 2011; 11: 304. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Centers for Desease Control and Prevention. Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance- United States, 2009. MMWR Surveillance Summary. June 4, 2010; 59(SS05); 1-142. Google Scholar

  26. Doljanac RF, Zimmerman MA. Psychosocial factors and high-risk sexual behavior race differences among urban adolescents. Journal of Behavioral Medicine. 1998; 21(5): 451-467. Google Scholar

  27. Mohapeloa V. Multiple sexual partners driving HIV. Published for Brand South Africa by a big media publisher, BauNews, 16th August, 2006. South Africa.

  28. Fagbmigbe AF, Adebowale AS, Olaniyan FA. A comparative analysis of condom use among unmarried youths in rural community in Nigeria. Public Health Research; 2011; 1(1): 8-16. Google Scholar

  29. Cote AM, Sobela F, Dzokoto A, Nzambi K, Asamoah-Adu C, Labbe AC, Masse B, Mensah J, Frost E, Pepin J. Transactional sex is the driving force in the dynamics of HIV in Accra, Ghana. AIDS. 2004; 18(6): 917-925. Google Scholar

  30. Hargreaves JP, Bonell CP, MorisonLA, KimJC, Phetla G, Porter JD, Watts C, Pronyk PM. Explaining continued high HIV prevalence in South Africa : socioeconomic factors, HIV incidence and sexual behaviour change among rural cohort, 2001-2004. AIDS. 2007; 21(7): S39-S48. PubMed | Google Scholar

  31. Noumba I. The labour market in Cameroon. Recent developments. GRAPES- Research and Analysis Group on Economic and Social Policies (Ed), Yaounde. 2002.

  32. The World Bank. Gross national income per capita 2008, Atlas method and purchasing power parity (PPP). World development indicators database, 7th October 2009, Washington DC.

  33. Salina G, Haacker M. HIV/AIDS: The impact on poverty and inequality. International Monetary Fund (IMF) Working Paper. 2006. Google Scholar

  34. Lollis CM, Johnson EH, Antoni MH. The efficacy of the health belief model for predicting condom usage and risky sexual practices in university students. AIDS Educ Prev. 1997; 9(6): 551-563. PubMed | Google Scholar

  35. Miller KS, Forehand R, Kotchick BA. Adolescent sexual behaviour in two ethnic minority samples: the role of family variables. Journal of Marriage and the Family. 1999; 14(2): 320-329. Google Scholar

  36. Ajuwon AJ, Olley BO, Akin-Jimoh I, Akintola O. Experience of sexual coercion among adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health. 2001; 5(3): 120-131. PubMed | Google Scholar

  37. Slap GB, Lot L, Huang B, Daniyan CA, Zink TM, Succop PA. Sexual behavior adolescents in Nigeria: cross sectional survey of secondary school students. Brit Med J. 2003; 326: 15. Google Scholar

  38. Sunmola AM, Benjamin OO, Oso GE. Predictors of condom use among sexually active persons involved in compulsory national service in Ibadan, Nigeria. Oxford Journals Medicine Health Education Research. 2006; 22(4): 459-472. PubMed | Google Scholar

  39. Van Rensburg D, Friedman I, Ngwena C, Pelser A, Steyn F, Booysen F, Adendoff E. Strengthening local government and civic responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa. Centre for Health Systems Research and Development. 2002.

  40. Nagot N, Ouangré A, Ouedraogo A, Cartoux M, Huygens P, Defer MC, Zékiba T, Meda N, Van de Perre P. Spectrum of commercial sex activity in Burkina Faso: classification and risk of exposure to HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2002; 29(5): 517-521. PubMed | Google Scholar

  41. Silverman JG. Adolescent female sex workers: invisibility, violence and HIV. Arch Dis Child. 2011; 96(5): 478-481. PubMed | Google Scholar

  42. McClure C, Chandler C, Bissell S. Responses to HIV in sexually exploited children or adolescents who sell sex. Lancet. 2015; 385(9963): 97-99. PubMed | Google Scholar

  43. Busza J, Mtetwa S, Mapfumo R, Hanisch D, Wong-Gruenwald R, Cowan F. Underage and underserved: reaching young women who sell sex in Zimbabwe. AIDS Care. 2016; 28(2): 14-20. PubMed | Google Scholar

  44. The United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 entry into force 2 September 1990, in accordance with article 49. Accessed August 11, 2016.