References

  1. Weltgesundheitsorganisation (ed) Handbook IMCI: integrated management of childhood illness. World Health Organization, Dept of Child and Adolescent Health and Development. Geneva. 2005.

  2. Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant RL. The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull World Health Organ. 2003; 81(3): 197-204. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. Boschi-Pinto C. Estimating child mortality due to diarrhoea in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2008; 86(9): 710-717. Google Scholar

  4. Ejemot-Nwadiaro RI, Ehiri JE, Meremikwu MM, Critchley JA. Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea In: the Cochrane Collaboration, editor Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2008. Google Scholar

  5. Clasen TF, Bostoen K, Schmidt WP, Boisson S, Fung IC-H, Jenkins MW et al. Interventions to improve disposal of human excreta for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. Google Scholar

  6. Clasen TF, Alexander KT, Sinclair D, Boisson S, Peletz R, Chang HH et al. Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015. Google Scholar

  7. Swiatowa Organizacja Zdrowia. Global report: UNAIDS report on the global AIDS epidemic 2010. Geneva, World Health Organization. 2010. Google Scholar

  8. Bartlett JG, Gallant JE, Conradie FM. Medical Management of HIV Infection-South African edition. 2008. Accessed 28 February 2018.

  9. Marinda E, Humphrey JH, Iliff PJ, Mutasa K, Nathoo KJ, Piwoz EG. Child mortality according to maternal and infant HIV status in Zimbabwe. Pediatr Infect Dis. 2007; 26(6): 519-526. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. Shapiro RL, Lockman S, Kim S, Smeaton L, Rahkola JT, Thior I et al. Infant Morbidity, Mortality and Breast Milk Immunologic Profiles among Breast-Feeding HIV-Infected and HIV-Uninfected Women in Botswana. J Infect Dis. 2007; 196(4): 562-569. PubMed | Google Scholar

  11. Dunn DT, Newell ML, Ades AE, Peckham CS. Risk of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission through breastfeeding. The Lancet. 1992; 340(8819): 585-588. PubMed | Google Scholar

  12. World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach. Geneva, World Health Organization. 2013. Google Scholar

  13. Coovadia HM, Rollins NC, Bland RM, Little K, Coutsoudis A, Bennish ML et al. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 infection during exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life: an intervention cohort study. The Lancet. 2007; 369(9567): 1107-1116. PubMed | Google Scholar

  14. Wise J. Breast feeding safer than mixed feeding for babies of HIV mothers. BMJ. 2001; 322(7285): 511. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. UNICEF, Organización Mundial de la Salud. Diarrhoea: why children are still dying and what can be done, New York. United Nations Children's Fund. 2009. Google Scholar

  16. Organization WH, UNICEF. Clinical management of acute diarrhoea. 2004. Google Scholar

  17. Gregorio GV, Gonzales MLM, Dans LF, Martinez EG. Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016. Google Scholar

  18. Li ST, Grossman DC, Cummings P. Loperamide Therapy for Acute Diarrhea in Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS Med. 2007; 4(3): e98. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Allen SJ, Martinez EG, Gregorio GV, Dans LF. Probiotics for treating acute infectious diarrhoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010. Google Scholar

  20. Bernaola Aponte G, Bada Mancilla CA, Carreazo NY, Rojas Galarza RA. Probiotics for treating persistent diarrhoea in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013. Google Scholar

  21. Lazzerini M, Ronfani L. Oral zinc for treating diarrhoea in children, In: The Cochrane Collaboration, editor, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 2012. Google Scholar

  22. Hartling L, Bellemare S, Wiebe N, Russell KF, Klassen TP, Craig WR. Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006. Google Scholar

  23. Aba H, Aminu M. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among pregnant Nigerian women. Ann Afr Med. 2016; 15(1): 20. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Atia AN, Buchman AL. Oral rehydration solutions in non-cholera diarrhoea: a review. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104(10): 2596-2604. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Thom K, Forrest G. Gastrointestinal infections in immunocompromised hosts. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2006; 22(1): 13-23. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. Ramos-Soriano AG, Saavedra JM, Wu TC, Livingston RA, Henderson RA, Perman JA. Enteric pathogens associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in children with HIV infection. Mol Cell Probes. 1996; 10(2): 67-73. PubMed | Google Scholar

  27. Guarino A, Bruzzese E, De Marco G, Buccigrossi V. Management of gastrointestinal disorders in children with HIV infection. Paediatr Drugs. 2004; 6(6): 347-362. PubMed | Google Scholar

  28. Fontaine O, Kosek M, Bhatnagar S, Boschi-Pinto C, Chan KY, Duggan C et al. Setting Research Priorities To Reduce Global Mortality from Childhood Diarrhoea by 2015. PLoS Med. 2009; 6(3): e1000041. PubMed | Google Scholar

  29. World Health Organization (ed). WHO recommendations on the management of diarrhoea and pneumonia in HIV-infected infants and children. Geneva, World Health Organization, Departments of Child and Adolescent Health and Development (CAH) and HIV/AIDS. 2010. Google Scholar

  30. Motaze NV, Nwachukwu CE, Humphreys EH. Treatment interventions for diarrhoea in HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013. Google Scholar

  31. Higgins JPT, Green S (eds). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 510 [updated March 2011]. 2011. Accessed 28 February 2018.

  32. Review Manager (Revman). Copenhagen: the Nordic Cochrane Centre. The Cochrane Collaboration. 2011.

  33. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008; 336(7650): 924-926. PubMed | Google Scholar

  34. Mda S, van Raaij JMA, de Villiers FPR, MacIntyre UE, Kok FJ. Short-term micronutrient suplementation reduces the duration of pneumonia and diarrhoeal episodes in HIV-infected children. J Nutr. 2010; 140(5): 969-974. PubMed | Google Scholar

  35. Amadi B, Mwiya M, Musuku J, Watuka A, Sianongo S, Ayoub A et al. Effect of nitazoxanide on morbidity and mortality in Zambian children with cryptosporidiosis: a randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2002; 360(9343): 1375-1380. PubMed | Google Scholar

  36. Amadi B. Improved Nutritional Recovery on an Elemental Diet in Zambian Children with Persistent Diarrhoea and Malnutrition. J Trop Pediatr. 2005; 51(1): 5-10. PubMed | Google Scholar

  37. Luabeya K-KA, Mpontshane N, Mackay M, Ward H, Elson I, Chhagan M et al. Zinc or Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Diarrhea and Respiratory Disease in South African Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS ONE. 2007; 2(6): e541. PubMed | Google Scholar

  38. Rollins N, van den Broeck J, Kindra G, Pent M, Kasambira T, Bennish M. The effect of nutritional support on weight gain of HIV-infected children with prolonged diarrhoea. Acta Paediatr. 2007; 96(1): 62-68. PubMed | Google Scholar