References

  1. World Health Organization: Report of the expert consultation on the optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Geneva: Switzerland. 2001.

  2. Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, Sachdev HS; Maternal and Child Undernutrition Study Group. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet. 2008 Jan 26;371(9609):340-57. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, World Bank Group. Levels and trends in child malnutrition Joint child malnutrition estimates. Key findings of the 2015 edition. Geneva: WHO; 2015.

  4. Black RE, Victora CG, Walker SP, Bhutta ZA, Christian P, de Onis M et al. Maternal and child undernutrition and overweight in low-income and middle-income countries. Lancet. 2013 Aug 3;382(9890):427-451. Epub 2013 Jun 6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. OMS. Enfants: faire reculer la mortalité. Accessed on August 27 2017

  6. UNICEF, WHO, The World Bank, United Nations Population Division. The Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME). Levels and Trends in Child Mortality. Report 2013. New York, USA: UNICEF; 2015.

  7. Kikafunda JK, Walker AF, Collett D, Tumwine JK. Risk factors for early childhood malnutrition in Uganda. Pediatrics. 1998 Oct;102(4):E45. PubMed | Google Scholar

  8. Pongou R, Ezzati M, Salomon J. Household and community socioeconomic and environmental determinants of child nutritional status in Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2006 Apr 17;6:98. PubMed | Google Scholar

  9. Deolalikar AB. Poverty and child malnutrition in Bangladesh. J Develop Soc. 2005; 21(1-2):55-90. Google Scholar

  10. Thang NM, Popkin B. Child malnutrition in Vietnam and its transition in an era of economic growth. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2003;16(4):233-244. PubMed | Google Scholar

  11. Islam MM, Alam M, Tariquzaman M, Kabir MA, Pervin R, Begum M, Khan MM. Predictors of the number of under-five malnourished children in Bangladesh: application of the generalized poisson regression model. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:11. PubMed | Google Scholar

  12. Chee HL, Khor GL, Fatimah A, Wan Manan WM, Mohd Nasir MT, Nik Shanita S, Norimah AK, Norlela MH, Normah H, Poh BK, Rokiah MY. Nutritional assessment of pre-school children in rural villages of the family dynamics, lifestyles and nutrition study (1997–2001) II prevalence of undernutrition and relationship to household socio-economic indicators. Malays J Nutr. 2002;8(1):33-53. Google Scholar

  13. Zamaliah MM, Khor GL, Tee ES. Socio-economic determinants of nutritional status of children in rural Peninsular Malaysia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2002;7(3/4):307-310. Google Scholar

  14. Agee MD. Reducing child malnutrition in Nigeria: combined effects of income growth and provision of information about mothers’ access to health care services. Soc Sci Med. 2010 Dec;71(11):1973-80. Epub 2010 Sep 29. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Gross R, Schultink W, Sastroamidjojo S. Stunting as an indicator for health and wealth: an Indonesian application. Nutr Res. 1996;16(11-12):1829–1837. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Ruel MT, Levin CE, Armar-Klemesu M, Maxwell D, Morris SS. Good care practices can mitigate the negative effects of poverty and low maternal schooling on children’s nutritional status: evidence from Accra. World Devel. 1999;27(11):1993–2009. Google Scholar

  17. OMS/UNICEF. Normes de croissance OMS et identification de la malnutrition aiguë sévère chez l'enfant Déclaration commune. Genève. 2009. Accessed 27 August 2017.

  18. Prudhon C, Prinzo ZW, Briend A, Daelmans BM, Mason JB. Proceedings of the WHO, UNICEF and SCN Informal Consultation on Community-Based Management of Severe Malnutrition in Children. Food Nutr Bull. 2006 Sep;27(3 Suppl):S99-104. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. OMS. Directives pour le traitement hospitalier des enfants sévèrement malnutris. Genève. 2004. Accssed 27 August 2017.

  20. OMS. Indicateurs pour évaluer les pratiques d’alimentation du nourrisson et du jeune enfant: Première partie - Définitions. Washington DC. 2009.

  21. Alasfoor D, Traissac P, Gartner A, Delpeuch F. Determinants of persistent underweight among children, aged 6-35 months, after huge economic development and improvements in health services in Oman. J Health Popul Nutr. 2007 Sep; 25(3): 359–369. Google Scholar

  22. Jesmin A, Yamamoto SS, Malik AA, Haque MA. Prevalence and determinants of chronic malnutrition among preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011 Oct;29(5):494-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Cheah WL, Wan Manan WM, Zabidi Azhar MH, Chang CT. Factors associated with undernutrition among children in a rural district of Kelantan, Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2012 Mar;24(2):330-42. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Wong HJ, Moy FM, Nair S. Risk factors of malnutrition among preschool children in Terengganu, Malaysia: a case control study. BMC Public Health. 2014 Aug 3;14:785. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Tharakan CT, Suchindran CM. Determinants of child malnutrition - an intervention model for Botswana. Nutr Res. 1999;19(6):843–860. Google Scholar

  26. Ake-Tano O, Ekou FK, Konan YE, Tetchi EO, Koffi KB, Oussou KR, Kpebo DOD, Coulibaly A, Tiembre L, Koffi K. Déterminants de la malnutrition chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans suivis à l’institut national de santé publique, Cote d’Ivoire. Med Afr Noire. 2011;58(2):93-9.

  27. Ilunga PM, Mukuku O, Mutombo AM, Lubala TK, Shongo MYP, Mawaw PM, Wembonyama SO, Luboya ON. Etude de facteurs de risque de faible poids de naissance à Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo. Médecine et Santé Tropicales 2016 (In Press).

  28. Brito M, Soares A, Fançony C, Martins A. Determinants of malnutrition among under-fives in Bengo province, Angola. Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2015;20(Suppl 1):280.

  29. Das S, Rahman RM. Application of ordinal logistic regression analysis in determining risk factors of child malnutrition in Bangladesh. Nutr J. 2011 Nov 14;10:124. PubMed | Google Scholar

  30. Bitwe RM, Feza GM. Profil épidémiologique et clinique de la malnutrition aigüe sévère au Centre de Santé de référence de Carmel de Goma, RD Congo. Rev méd Gd Lacs. 2015;4(1):27-39. Google Scholar

  31. Fuchs C, Sultana T, Ahmed T, Hossain MI. Factors Associated with Acute Malnutrition among Children Admitted to a Diarrhoea Treatment Facility in Bangladesh. International Journal of Pediatrics. 2014;2014:267806. Google Scholar

  32. Yang W, Li X, Li Y, Zhang S, Liu L, Wang X, Li W. Anemia, malnutrition and their correlations with socio-demographic characteristics and feeding practices among infants aged 0–18 months in rural areas of Shaanxi province in northwestern China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12:1127. Google Scholar

  33. Rytter MJH, Namusoke H, Babirekere-Iriso E, Kæstel P, Girma T, Christensen VB, Michaelsen KF, Friis H. Social, dietary and clinical correlates of oedema in children with severe acute malnutrition: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatrics. 2015;15:25. Google Scholar

  34. Diouf S, Diallo A, Camara B, Diagne I, Tall A et al. La malnutrition protéino-calorique chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans en zone rurale Sénégalaise (Khombole). Med Afr Noire. 2000;47(5):225-228.

  35. Bloss E, Wainaina F, Bailey RC. Prevalence and predictors of underweight, stunting, and wasting among children aged 5 and under western Kenya. J Trop Pediatr. 2004 Oct;50(5):260-70. PubMed | Google Scholar

  36. Wang X, Wang Y, Kang C. Feeding practices in 105 counties of rural China. Child Care Health Dev. 2005 Jul;31(4):417-23. PubMed | Google Scholar

  37. Sinnaeve O, Testa T, Ablefonlin E, Ayivi B. Aspects épidémiologiques de la malnutrition infant-juvénile à Cotonou (Bénin). Med Trop. 2006;66(2):177-181. PubMed | Google Scholar

  38. Khattak M, Ali S. Malnutrition and associated risk factors in pre-school children (2-5 Years) in District Swabi (NWFP)-Pakistan. J Med Sci. 2010;10(2):34-39. Google Scholar

  39. Hien NN, Kam S. Nutritional status and the characteristics related to malnutrition in children under five years of age in Nghean, Vietnam. J Prev Med Public Health. 2008 Jul;41(4):232-40. PubMed | Google Scholar

  40. Senbanjo IO, Olayiwola IO, Afolabi WA, Senbanjo OC. Maternal and child under-nutrition in rural and urban communities of Lagos state, Nigeria: the relationship and risk factors. BMC Res Notes. 2013;6:286. PubMed | Google Scholar

  41. Ouépaké A. La malnutrition protéino-énergétique et ses facteurs de risque chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans dans le district sanitaire de TOUGAN. Mémoire de fin d’étude, Ecole Nationale de Santé Publique, Burkina-Faso, 2007.

  42. Ayaya SO, Esamai FO, Rotich J, Olwambula AR. Socio-economic factors predisposing under five year old children to severe protein energy malnutrition at the Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, Eldoret, Kenya. East Afr Med J. 2004;81(8):415-21. PubMed | Google Scholar

  43. Kabubo-Mariara J, Ndenge GK, Mwabu DK. Determinants of children’s nutritional Status in Kenya: evidence from Demographic and Health Surveys. Journal of African Economies. 2008;18(3):363-387. PubMed | Google Scholar