References

  1. Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, et al. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation; modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1999; 130(6): 461-70. PubMed | Google Scholar

  2. Rothberg MB, Kehoe ED, Courtemanche AL et al. Recognition and management of chronic kidney disease in an elderly ambulatory population. J Gen Intern Med. 2008; 23(8): 1125-30. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. Yen PM. Physiological and molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. Physiol Rev. 2001; 81(3): 1097-142. PubMed | Google Scholar

  4. James MT, Hemmelgarn BR, Tonlelli M. Early recognition and prevention of chronic kidney disease. Lancet. 2010; 375(9722): 1296-309. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. Guebre-Egziabher, F, Alix PM, Koppe L et al. Ectopic lipid accumulation: A potential cause for metabolic disturbances and a contributor to the alteration of kidney function. Biochimie. 2013; 95(11): 1971-1979. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Tsuruya K, Yoshida H, Nagata M et al. Association of the triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with the risk of chronic kidney disease: analysis in a large Japanese population. Atherosclerosis. 2014; 233(1): 260-267. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. Ritz E, Wanner C. Lipid changes and statins in chronic renal insufficiency. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006; 17(12 Suppl 3): 226-230. PubMed | Google Scholar

  8. Foster M, Rawlings AM, Marrett E et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in chronic kidney disease: Overall burden and rates of treatment and control. Arch Intern Med. 2006; 166(17): 1884-1891. Google Scholar

  9. Ampem-AmoakoY, Odai-Laryea D, Bedu-Addo G et al. Clinical and demographic characteristics of chronic kidney disease patients in a tertiary facility in Ghana. Pan Afr Med J. 2001; 18: 274. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. Osafo C, Mate-Kole M, Affram K et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in hypertensive patients in Ghana. Ren Fail. 2011; 33(4): 388-92. PubMed | Google Scholar

  11. Fukuyama N, Homma K, Wakana N et al. Validation of the Friedewald Equation for Evaluation of Plasma LDL-Cholesterol. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2008; 43(1): 1-5. PubMed | Google Scholar

  12. Kayima JK, Otieno LS, Gitau W et al. Thyroid hormone profile in patients with chronic renal failure on conservative management and regular hemodialysis. East Afr Med J. 1992; 69(6): 333-336. Google Scholar

  13. Hoschestetler LA, Flanigan MJ, Lim VS. Abnormal endocrine tests in a hemodialysis patient. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1994; 4(10): 1754-1759. Google Scholar

  14. Chonchol M. Prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008; 3(5): 1296-1300. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Axelsson J et al. Clinical and biochemical implications of low thyroid hormone levels (total and free forms) in euthyroid patients with chronic kidney disease. J Intern Med. 2007; 262(6): 690-701. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Prisant LM, Gujral JS, MulloyAL. Hyperthyroidism: A secondary cause of isolated systolic hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2006; 8(8): 596-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Rhee CM, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Streja E et al. The relationship between thyroid function and estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2015; 30(2): 282-287. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Zhang Y, Chang Y, Ryu S et al. Thyroid hormone levels and incident chronic kidney disease in euthyroid individuals: The Kangbuk Samsung Health Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2014; 43(5): 1624-32. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Iglesias P, Diez JJ. Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009; 160(4): 503-15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Levey, AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH et al. A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009; 150(9): 604-12. PubMed | Google Scholar