References

  1. Tate JE, Burton AH, Boschi-Pinto C, Steele AD, Duque J, Parashar UD. 2008 estimate of worldwide rotavirus-associated mortality in children younger than 5 years before the introduction of universal rotavirus vaccination programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012; 12(2): 136-141. PubMed | Google Scholar

  2. Saeed A, Abd H, Sandstrom G. Microbial aetiology of acute diarrhoea in children under five years of age in Khartoum, Sudan. J Med Microbiol. 2015; 64(Pt 4):432-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. Parashar UD, Burton A, Lanata C, Boschi-Pinto C, Shibuya K, Steele D et al. Global mortality associated with rotavirus disease among children in 2004. J Infect Dis. 2009; 200(Suppl 1):S9-S15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  4. Gouvea V, Glass RI, Woods P, Taniguchi K, Clark HF, Forrester B, et al. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus nucleic acid from stool specimens. J Clin Microbiol. 1990; 28(2):276-82. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. Patton JT. "Rotavirus diversity and evolution in the post-vaccine world". Discovery Medicine. 2012; 13(68): 85-97. Google Scholar

  6. Iturriza-Gomara M, Kang G, Gray J. Rotavirus genotyping: keeping up with an evolving population of human rotaviruses. J Clin Virol. 2004; 31(4):259-265. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. Tatte VS, Chitambar SD. Evidence of discordant genetic linkage in the VP4, VP6, VP7 and NSP4 encoding genes of rotavirusstrains from adolescent and adult patients with acute gastroenteritis. Infect Genet Evol. 2012;12(8):1630-1634. PubMed | Google Scholar

  8. PATH. Vaccine access and delivery. Rotavirus disease and vaccines in Africa. 2014. Accessed August 17, 2014

  9. Magzoub MA, Bilal NE, Bilal JA, Osman OF. Rotavirus infection among Sudanese children younger than 5 years of age: a cross sectional hospital-based study. Pan Afr Med J. 2013; 16:88. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S. MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Method. Mol Biol Evol. 2011; 28(10):2731-2739. Google Scholar

  11. Seheri M, Nemarude L, Peenze I, Netshifhefhe L, Nyaga MM, Ngobeni HG et al. Update of rotavirus strains circulating in Africa from 2007 through 20 Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014; 33(Suppl 1):S76-84. Google Scholar

  12. Ianiro G, Delogu R, Fiore L, Ruggeri FM, RotaNet-Italy Study Group. Evolution of human G4P [8] group A rotavirus strains circulating in Italy in 2013. Virus Res. 2015; 204:68-73. Google Scholar

  13. Abugalia M, Cuevas L, Kirby A, Dove W, Nakagomi O, Nakagomi T. Clinical features and molecular epidemiology of rotavirus and norovirus infections in Libyan children. J Med Virol. 2011; 83(10):1849-56. PubMed | Google Scholar

  14. Khoury H, Ogilvie I El Khoury AC, Duan Y, Goetghebeur MM. Burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the Middle Eastern and North African pediatric population. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25 (Suppl 1): S12-S21. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Matson DO, Abdel-Messih IA, Schlett CD, Bok K, Wienkopff T, Wierzba TF et al. Rotavirus genotypes among hospitalized children in Egypt, 2000-2002. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202(Suppl):S263-5. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Barril PA, Martinez LC, Giordano MO, Castello AA, Rota RP, Isa MB et al. Detection of group a human rotavirus G9 genotype circulating in Cordoba, Argentina, as early as 1980. J Med Virol 2006; 78:1113-8. Google Scholar

  17. Bányai K, Gentsch JR, Schipp R, Jakab F, Bene J, Melegh B et al. Molecular epidemiology of human P[8], G9 rotaviruses in Hungary between 1998 and 2001. J Med Microbiol. 2004; 53(8):791-801. Google Scholar

  18. Page N, Esona M, Armah G, Nyangao J, Mwenda J, Sebunya T et al. Emergence and characterization of serotype G9 rotavirus strains from Africa. J Infect Dis. 2010; 202(Suppl): S55-63. Google Scholar

  19. Clark HF, Lawley DA, Schaffer A, Patacsil JM, Marcello AE, Glass RI et al. Assessment of the epidemic potential of a new strain of rotavirus associated with the novel G9 serotype which caused an outbreak in the United States for the first time in the 1995-1996 season. J Clin Microbiol. 2004; 42:1434-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. De Rougemont A, Kaplon J, Lebon P, Huet F, Denis F, Alain S et al. Unexpected substitution of dominant rotavirus G genotypes in French hospitalized children over five consecutive seasons. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009; 28(4): 403-407. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. Rodrigues F, Iturriza M, Gray J, Januário L, Lemos L. Epidemiology of rotavirus in Portugal: G9 as a major cause of diarrhoea in non-hospitalised children. J Clin Virol. 2007; 40(3): 214-217. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. Farahtaj F, Gallimore CI, Iturriza-Gomara M, Taremi M, Zali MR, Edalatkhah H et al. Rotavirus VP7, VP4 and VP6 genotypes co-circulating in Tehran, Iran, between 2003 and 2004. Epidemiol Infect. 2007; 135(5):834-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Leite JP, Carvalho-Costa FA, Linhares AC. Group A rotavirus genotypes and the ongoing Brazilian experience: a review. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2008; 103(8):745-53. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Esona MD1, Mijatovic-Rustempasic S, Foytich K, Roy S, Banyai K, Armah GE et al. Human G9P[8] rotavirus strains circulating in Cameroon, 1999-2000: Genetic relationships with other G9 strains and detection of a new G9 subtype. Infect Genet Evol. 2013; 18:315-24. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Marmash RW, Dalwai AK Szucs G, Molla AM, Pacsa AS, Al-Nakib W, et al. Genotypic characterization of rotaviruses and prevalence of serotype-specific serum antibodies in children in Kuwait. Epidemiol Infect. 2007; 135(8):1331-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. Herish M Ahmed, J, Nakagomi O, Hart CA, Zaki JM, Al-Rabaty AA et al. Cunliffe: molecular characterization of rotavirus gastroenteritis strains, Iraqi Kurdistan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 May; 12(5): 824-826. Google Scholar

  27. Elhag WI, Saeed HA, Omer el FE, Ali AS. Prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus associated with diarrhea among displaced communities in Khartoum, Sudan. BMC Infect Dis. 2013; 13:209. PubMed | Google Scholar

  28. El Qazoui M, Oumzil H, Baassi L, El Omari N, Sadki K, Amzazi S et al. Rotavirus and norovirus infections among acute gastroenteritis children in Morocco. BMC Infect Dis. 2014; 14:300. Google Scholar

  29. Kim JS, Kang JO, Cho SC, Jang YT, Min SA, Park TH et al. Epidemiological profile of rotavirus infection in the Republic of Korea: results from prospective surveillance in the Jeongeub District, 1 July 2002 through 30 June 2004. J Infect Dis. 2005; 192(Suppl 1):S49-56. PubMed | Google Scholar

  30. Marsella M, Raimondi L, Bergamini M, Sprocati M, Bigi E, De Sanctis V et al. Epidemiology of rotavirus-associated hospital admissions in the province of Ferrara, Italy. Eur J Pediatr. 2009; 168(12):1423-1427. PubMed | Google Scholar