References
- World Health Organization. Global status reports on non-communicable diseases 2014. Geneva: WHO. 2014. Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Global Health Estimates: deaths by Cause, Age, Sex and Country, 2000-201 Geneva: WHO; 2014. Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Projections of mortality and causes of death, 2015 and 2030. Accessed on 9 September 2015.
- World Health Organization. Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion. Geneva: WHO; 2008. Accessed on 9 September 2015.
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. Rapport sur la situation mondiale des maladies non transmissibles. Genève: OMS; 2014. Disponible sur. Consulté le 24 octobre 2015.
- Lim SS, Vos T, Flaxman AD, Danaei G, Shibuya K, Adair-Rohani H et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012; 380(9859): 2224-2260. PubMed | Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO consultation. Geneva: WHO; 2000 (WHO Technical Report Series, N° 894. Accessed on 5 November 2015.
- Longo-Mbenza B. Enquête sur les facteurs de risque des maladies non transmissibles à Kinshasa, Capitale de la RD Congo, Selon l'approche STEPS de l'OMS, Rapport d'Analyse. Kinshasa: Ministère de la Santé RDC. 2006. Google Scholar
- Francesca V. Baseline Health Survey for Tenke Fungurume Mining, Democratic Republic of Congo. Johannesburg: International SOS. 2008. Google Scholar
- Boutayeb A, Boutayeb S. The burden of non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Int J Equity Health. 2005; 4(1): 2. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Amuna P, Zotor FB. Epidemiological and nutrition transition in developing countries: impact on human health and development. Proc Nutr Soc. 2008; 67(1): 82-90. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Malik VS, Willett WC, Hu FB. Global obesity: trends, risk factors and policy implications. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013; 9(1): 13-27. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Drewnowski A, Popkin BM. The nutrition transition: new trends in the global diet. Nutr Rev. 1997; 55(2): 31-43. PubMed | Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Fact sheet. Geneva: WHO; 2016. Accessed on 5 January 2016).
- Drewnowski A. Nutrition transition and global dietary
trends. Nutrition. 2000; 16(7-8): 486-487. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Caballero B. The global epidemic of obesity: an overview. Epidemiol Rev. 2007; 29: 1-5. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Resnikoff S. Malnutrition and weight excess: a paradoxical condition in Mauritanian Adrar. Med Trop. 1980; 40(4): 419-423. Google Scholar
- Siervo M, Grey P, Nyan OA, Prentice AM. A pilot study on body image, attractiveness and body size in Gambians living in an urban community. Eat Weight Disord. 2006; 11(2): 100-109. PubMed | Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. The WHO STEPwise approach to surveillance of non-communicable diseases (STEPS). A framework for surveillance. Geneva: WHO; 2003. Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. STEPwise approach surveillance. Instrument v3.1_2014, Geneva: WHO; 2014. Google Scholar
- Cogill B. Anthropometric indicators measurement guide. Washington, DC: Academy for Educational Development, Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance (FANTA) Project. 2003. Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Global database on body mass index: BMI classification. Accessed on 7 November 2015.
- Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003; 35(8): 1381-95. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey health tech/blood pressure procedures manual. Washington: CDC; 2009. Accessed March 27, 2014.
- Baum CF, Cox NJ. Omninorm: Stata module to calculate omnibus test for univariate/multivariate normality. Boston College Department of Economics, Statistical Software Components S417501; 2007.
- OMS. Obésité et surpoids. Aide-mémoire N°311. Juin 2016. Consulté le 20 novembre 2015.
- Dupuy O, Bauduceau B. Obésité, syndrome métabolique et diabète. In : Gentillini M, Caumes E, Dansi M, Richard-Lenoble D, Bégué P, Touze JE, Kerouédan D. Médecine tropicale. 6ème édition. Paris: Lavoisier; 2012. Google Scholar
- Sellam El B, Bour A. Prévalence des facteurs de risque de maladies cardiovasculaires chez la femme à Oujda (Maroc). Médecine des maladies Métaboliques. 2016; 10(1): 63-69. Google Scholar
- Memish ZA, El Bcheraoui C,Tuffaha M, Robinson M, Daoud F, Jaber S et al. Obesity and Associated Factors - Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2013. Prev Chronic Dis. 2014; 11: E174. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Rahim S, Baali A. Étude de l'obésité et quelques facteurs associes chez un groupe de femmes marocaines résidentes de la ville de Smara (sud du Maroc). Antropo. 2011; 24(1): 43-53. Google Scholar
- Rguibi M, Belahsen R. Metabolic syndrome among Moroccan Sahraoui adult women. Am J Hum Biol. 2004; 16(5): 598-601. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Nono C, Fokumlah P, Sab Fru C, Sobngwi E, Kengne E. Prévalence de l'obésité chez les femmes adultes en milieu urbain en Afrique sub-saharienne : le cas de Limbé au Cameroun. Diabetes & Metabolism. 2010; 36(suppl 1): A114. Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Global status reports on non-communicable diseases. Geneva: WHO. 2014. Google Scholar
- Correia J, Pataky Z, Golay A. Comprendre l'obésité en Afrique: poids du développement et des représentations. Rev Med Suisse. 2014; 10(423): 712-6. Google Scholar
- Puoane T, Hughes G. Impact of the HIV/AIDS pandemic on non-communicable disease prevention. S Afr Med J. 2005; 95(4): 228-30. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Tzotzas T, Vlahavas G, Papadopoulou SK, Kapantais E, Kaklamanou D, Hassapidou M. Marital status and educational level associated to obesity in Greek adults: data from the National Epidemiological Survey. BMC Public Health. 2010; 10: 732. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Lipowicz A, Gronkiewicz S, Malina RM. Body mass index, overweight and obesity in married and never married men and women in Poland. American Journal of Human Biology. 2002; 14(4): 468-475. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Park B, Kim J. Oral Contraceptive Use, Micronutrient Deficiency, and Obesity among Premenopausal Females in Korea: the Necessity of Dietary Supplements and Food Intake Improvement. PLoS ONE. 2016; 11(6): e0158177. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Dastgiri S, Mahdavi R, TuTunchi H, Faramarzi E. Prevalence of obesity, food choices and socio-economic status: a cross-sectional study in the north-west of Iran. Public Health Nutr. 2006; 9(8): 996-1000. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Martorell R, Khan LK, Hughes ML, Grummer-Strawn LM. Obesity in women from developing countries. European J Clin Nutr. 2000; 54(3): 247-52. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Sarma H, Saquib N, Hasan MM, Saquib J, Rahman AS, Khan JR et al. Determinants of overweight or obesity among ever-married adult women in Bangladesh. BMC obesity. 2016; 3: 13. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Njelekela M, Kuga S, Nara Y, Ntogwisangu J, Masesa Y, Mashalla Y, et al. Prevalence of obesity and dyslipidemia in middle-aged men and women in Tanzania, Africa: relationship with resting energy expenditure and dietary factors. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 2002; 48(5): 352-358. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Ziraba AK, Fotso JC, Ochako R. Overweight and obesity in urban Africa: a problem of the rich or the poor. BMC Public Health. 2009; 9: 465. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Rosenberg MJ, Waugh MS, Meehan TE. Use and misuse of oral contraceptives: risk indicators for poor pill taking and discontinuation. Contraception. 1995; 51(5): 283-288. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Gupta S. Obesity and contraception. Future Lipidology. 2008; 3(1): 75-81. Google Scholar
- Fève B, Bastard JP, Vidal H. Les relations entre obésité, inflammation et insulinorésistance: acquisitions récentes. Comptes rendus biologies. 2006; 329(8): 587-597. Google Scholar
- Wang Y, Beydoun M. Meat consumption is associated with obesity and central obesity among US adults. Int J Obes. 2009; 33(6): 621-8. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Organisation mondiale de la Santé. Régime alimentaire, nutrition et prévention des maladies chroniques. Rapport d'une consultation OMS/FAO d'experts. Rapports techniques, N° 916. Genève: OMS; 2003. Google Scholar
- Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. Fruits et légumes pour la santé. Rapport de l'atelier commun FAO/OMS. Genève: OMS. 2014. Google Scholar