References

  1. Schirmer BD, Winters KL, Edlich RF. Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2005;15(3):329-38. PubMed | Google Scholar

  2. Shaffer EA. Gallstone disease: epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;20(6):981-96. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. Cuschieri A. Approach to the treatment of acute cholecystitis: open surgical, laparoscopic or endoscopic? Endoscopy. 1993 Aug;25(6):397-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  4. Järvinen HJ, Hästbacka J. Early cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a prospective randomized study. Ann Surg. 1980 Apr;191(4):501-505. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. Siddiqui T, MacDonald A, Chong PS, Jenkins JT. Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Surg. 2008 Jan;195(1):40-47. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Terho PM, Leppäniemi AK, Mentula PJ. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute calculous cholecystitis: a retrospective study assessing risk factors for conversion and complications. World J Emerg Surg. 2016 Nov 16;11:54. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. Hirota M, Takada T, Kawarada Y et al. Diagnostic criteria and severity assessment of acute cholecystitis - Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007 Feb;14(1):78-82. PubMed | Google Scholar

  8. Tsuyuguchi T, Takada T, Kawarada Y, et al. Techniques of biliary drainage for acute cholecystitis: Tokyo Guidelines. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2007 Jan; 14(1): 46–51.. PubMed | Google Scholar

  9. Yamashita Y, Takada T, Hirata K. A survey of the timing and approach to the surgical management of patients with acute cholecystitis in Japanese hospitals. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 2006;13(1):409-15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. Ito K, Fujita N, Noda Y et al. Percutaneous cholecystostomy versus gallbladder aspiration for acute cholecystitis: a prospective randomized controlled trial. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183(1):193-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  11. Wang YC, Yang HR, Chung PK, Jeng LB, Chen RJ. Urgent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the management of acute cholecystitis: timing does not influence conversion rate. Surg Endosc. 2006 May;20(5): 806-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  12. Lau H, Lo CY, Patil NG, Yuen WK. Early versus delayed-interval laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a metaanalysis. Surg Endosc. 2006 Jan;20(1): 82-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  13. Johannsen EC, Madoff LC. Infections of the liver and biliary system. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, editors. Principles of practice of infectious diseases. 6th edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2005. p. 951-8. Google Scholar

  14. Gurusamy K, Samraj K, Gluud C, Wilson E, Davidson BR. Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on the safety and effectiveness of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Br J Surg. 2010 Feb;97(2):141-50. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Lo CM, Liu CL, Fan ST, Wong J. Prospective randomized study of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Ann Surg. 1998 Apr;227(4):461-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Casillas RA, Yegiyants S, Collins C. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred management of acute cholecystitis. Arch Surg. 2008 Apr;143(4):533-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Schmidt SC, Langrehr JM, Hintze RE, Neuhaus P. Long term results and risk factors influencing outcome of major bile duct injuries following cholecystectomy. Br J Surg. 2005 Jan;92(1):76-82. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Moore DE, Feurer ID, Holzman MD et al. Long-term detrimental effect of bile duct injury on health-related quality of life. Arch Surg. 2004 May; 139(5):476-82. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Stevens KA, Chi A, Lucas LC, Porter JM, Wiliams MD. Immediate laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: no need to wait. Am J Surg. 2006 Dec;192(6):756-61. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Papi C, Catarci M, D'Ambrosio L et al. Timing of cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastrointerol. 2004 Jan;99(1):147-55. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. Bhattacharya D, Ammori BJ. Contemporary minimally invasive approaches to the management of acute cholecystitis: a review and appraisal. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2005 Feb;15(1):1-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. Madan AK, Aliabadi-wahle S, Tesi D, Flint L, Steinberg SM. How early is early laparoscopic treatment of acute cholecystitis ?. Am J Surg. 2002 Mar;183(3):232-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Condilis N, Sikalias N, Mountzalia L, Vasilopoulos J, Koynnos C, Kotsifas T. Acute cholecystitis: when is the best time for laparoscopic cholecystectomy?. Ann Ital Chir. 2008 Jan-Feb;79(1):23-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Popkharitov AI. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2008 Nov;393(6):935-41. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Lee AY, Carter JJ, Hochberg MS, Stone AM, Cohen SL, Pachter HL. The timing of surgery for cholecystitis: a review of 202 consecutive patients at a large municipal hospital. Am J Surg. 2008 Nov;195(6):467-70. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. Masayuki O, Yukio I, Kazuhiro Y et al. Operative Timing of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy for Acute Cholecystitis in a Japanese Institute. Journal of the Society Laparoendoscopic Surgery. 2012 Jan;16(1):65-70. PubMed | Google Scholar

  27. Johansson M, Thune A, Blomqvist A, Nelvin L, Lundell L. Management of acute cholecystitis in the laparoscopic era: results of a prospective, randomized clinical trial. J Gastrointest Surg. 2003 Jul-Aug;7(1):642-5. PubMed | Google Scholar

  28. Pessaux P, Tuech JJ, Rouge C, Duplessis R, Cervi C, Arnaud JP. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis: A prospective comparative study in patients with acute vs chronic cholecystitis. Surg Endosc. 2000 Apr;14(4):358-61. PubMed | Google Scholar

  29. Al-Mulhim AA. Timing of early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. Journal of the Society Laparoendoscopic Surgery. 2008 Jul-Sep;12(3):282-7. PubMed | Google Scholar