References
- Smith-Bindman R, Miglioretti DL, Larson EB. Rising use
of diagnostic medical imaging in a large integrated health system:
the use of imaging has skyrocketed in the past decade, but no one patient
population
or medical condition is responsible. Health Aff (Millwood). 2008 Nov-Dec;27(6):1491-1502. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Lee CI, Enzmann DR. Measuring radiology's value in time saved. J Am Coll Radiol. 2012 Oct;9(10):713-7. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Smith-Bindman R, Miglioretti DL, Johnson E, Lee C, Feigelson HS, Flynn M, Greenlee RT, Kruger RL, Hornbrook MC, Roblin D, Solberg LI, Vanneman N, Weinmann S, Williams AE. Use of diagnostic imaging studies and associated radiation exposure for patients enrolled in large integrated health care systems, 1996-2010. JAMA. 2012 Jun 13;307(22):2400-9. PubMed | Google Scholar
- European Society of Radiology 2009. The future role of radiology in healthcare. Insights Imaging. 2010 Jan;1(1):2-11. Epub 2010 Jan 16. PubMed | Google Scholar
- You JJ. ICES report: Appropriateness: the next frontier in the quest for better access to CT and MRI. Healthc Q. 2009;12(4):25-7. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Palmer PES, Hanson GP, Honeyman-Buck J. Diagnostic
imaging in the community: a manual for clinics and
small hospitals. Rotary District 6440 and the Pan American Health Organization,
Washington DC;
2011. Google
Scholar
- Maru DS, Schwarz R, Jason A, Basu S, Sharma A, Moore C. Turning a blind eye: the mobilization of radiology services in resource-poor regions. Global Health. 2010 Oct 14;6:18. PubMed | Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Needs Assessment for Medical Devices (WHO Medical device technical series). WHO 2011. Available at: http://apps.who.int/medicinedocs/documents/s21562en/s21562en.pdf. Accessed 2 June 2014. PubMed | Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Monitoring the building
blocks of health systems: a handbook of indicators
and their measurement strategies. WHO 2010. Available
at: www.who.int/healthinfo/systems/WHO_MBHSS_2010_full_web.pdf.
Accessed 4 June 2014. Google
Scholar
- United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects
of Atomic Radiation. Sources and Effects Of Ionizing
Radiation-UNSCEAR 2008 Report to the General Assembly
with Scientific Annexes. Volume 1.
United Nations New York, 2010 Available at: http://www.unscear.org/docs/reports/2008/0986753_Report_2008_Annex_A.pdf.
Accessed 6 June 2014. Google
Scholar
- World Health Organization. The World Health Report
2006 - Working together for health. WHO 2006. Available
at: http://www.who.int/whr/2006/en/. Accessed 9 June
2014. Google
Scholar
- Du Plessis J, Pitcher R. Towards task shifting?
A comparison of the accuracy of acute trauma-radiograph reporting by
medical officers and senior radiographers in an African hospital. Pan
Afr Med J. 2015 Aug 27;21:308. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Mollura DJ, Mazal J, Everton KL; RAD-AID Conference Writing Group, Azene EM, Collaros P, Dabek F, DeStigter KK, El-Shayal TS, Garra BS, Gill T, Hayes C, Iosifescu S, Jimenez P, Khandelwal N, Kenney P, Lexa F, Lewin JS, Lungren MP, Mayo-Smith W, Medlen K, Nordvig AS, O'Hara-Rusckowski D, Quansah S, Silfen E, Singh T, Sydnor R, Tahvildari A, Teninty B, Timmreck EJ, Watson L. White paper report of the 2012 RADAID Conference on International Radiology for Developing Countries: planning the implementation of global radiology. J Am Coll Radiol. 2013 Aug;10(8):618-24. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Jakovljevic M, Rankovic A, Rancic N, Jovanovic M, Ivanovic M, Gajovic O, Lazic Z. Radiology services costs and utilization patterns estimates in Southeastern Europe-A retrospective analysis from Serbia. Value in Health Regional Issues. 2013 Oct 31;2(2):218-25. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Pirnejad H, Niazkhani Z, Bal R. Clinical communication in diagnostic imaging studies: mixed-method study of pre- and post-implementation of a hospital information system. Appl Clin Inform. 2013 Nov 20;4(4):541-55. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Brady AP. Measuring Consultant Radiologist workload: method and results from a national survey. Insights Imaging. 2011 Jun;2(3):247-260. Epub 2011 Apr 21. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Khan SH, Hedges WP. Workload of consultant radiologists in a large DGH and how it compares to international benchmarks. Clin Radiol. 2013 May;68(5):e239-44 Epub 2012 Dec 20. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Mollura DJ, Lungren MP (eds). Radiology in Global Health: Strategies, Implementation, and Applications. Springer New York, 2014. Google Scholar
- Hendee WR, Becker GJ, Borgstede JP, Bosma J, Casarella WJ, Erickson BA, Maynard CD, Thrall JH, Wallner PE. Addressing overutilization in medical imaging. Radiology. 2010 Oct;257(1):240-5 Epub 2010 Aug 24. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Becker J, Jenkins LS, de Swardt M, Sayed R, Viljoen
M. Appropriateness of computed tomography and magnetic
resonance imaging scans in the Eden and Central Karoo districts of the
Western Cape Province,
South Africa. S Afr Med J. 2014;104(11):762-5. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Ip IK, Schneider L, Seltzer S, Smith A, Dudley J, Menard A, Khorasani R. Impact of provider-led, technology-enabled radiology management program on imaging. Am J Med. 2013 Aug;126(8):687-92 Epub 2013 Jun 17. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Robinson JD, Hippe DS, Hiatt MD. The effect of
a no-denial policy on imaging utilization. J Am Coll Radiol. 2013 Jul;10(7):501-6
Epub 2013 Apr 28. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Perez FA, Jarvik JG. Evidence-based imaging and effective utilization: lessons in neuroradiology. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2012 Aug;22(3):467-76. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Gonzales JM. Imaging professionals' beliefs on overutilization of CT and MRI exams. Radiol Manage. 2011 Nov-Dec;33(6):41-6. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Kawooya MG. Training for rural radiology and imaging in sub-saharan Africa: addressing the mismatch between services and population. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2012;2:37 Epub 2012 Jun 29. PubMed | Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Second WHO Global Forum
on Medical Devices: Priority Medical Devices for Universal
Health Coverage. 22–24 November 2013, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO 2014.
Available at: http://www.who.int/medical_devices/global_forum/2ndgfmd_report.pdf.
Accessed 10 June 2014. Google
Scholar
- Palmer PE. Radiology and primary care. In PAHO:
Scientific Publication 1978 (No. 357). Pan American
Health Organization. Google
Scholar
- Doherty J, McInytre D. #FeesMustFall and the campaign for universal health coverage. S Afr Med J. 2015 Nov 16;105(12):1014-5. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Summers LH. Economists' declaration on universal health coverage. Lancet. 2015 Nov 21;386(10008):2112-3 Epub 2015 Sep 18. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Skedgel C, Wailoo A, Akehurst R. Societal preferences for distributive justice in the allocation of health care resources: a latent class discrete choice experiment. Med Decis Making. 2015 Jan;35(1):94-105 Epub 2014 Aug 21. PubMed | Google Scholar
- European Society of Radiology (ESR). The consequences of the economic crisis in radiology. Insights Imaging. 2015 Dec;6(6):573-7 Epub 2015 Oct 1. PubMed | Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Sixty-Seventh World
Health Assembly: Health intervention and technology
assessment in support of universal health coverage.
WHA67.23. Agenda item 15.7. 24 May 2014.
WHO 2014. Available at: http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA67/A67_R23-en.pdf.
Accessed 25 June 2015. Google
Scholar
- Van Schouwenburg F, Ackermann C, Pitcher R. An audit of elective outpatient magnetic resonance imaging in a tertiary South African public-sector hospital. S Afr J Rad. 2014;18(1): 689. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Eddy K, Beaton A, Eddy R, Mathieson J. ACR Select Identifies Inappropriate Underutilization of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in British Columbia. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2015 Aug;66(3):208-11 Epub 2015 Jun 12. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Rosales-López A, Ortiz-Posadas MR. An indicator to estimate the access to imaging services in the Costa Rican public health system. J Digit Imaging. 2014 Feb;27(1):41-8. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Kabongo JM, Nel S, Pitcher RD. Analysis of licensed South African diagnostic imaging equipment. Pan Afr Med J. 2015 Sep 18;22:57. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Fuchs WA. Radiology in developing countries. Invest Radiol. 1991 Oct;26(10):906-9. PubMed | Google Scholar
- World Health Organization. Baseline country survey
on medical devices 2010 WHO. WHO 2011. Available at:
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/95785/1/WHO_HSS_EHT_DIM_11.01_eng.pdf.
Accessed 2 June 2014. Google
Scholar
- Tanzania Population and Housing Census (2012).
Available at: http://www.nbs.go.tz. Accessed 2 June
2014. Google
Scholar
- National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF): NHIF Fact
Sheet 2001-02 to March 2014. NHIF 2014. Available at:
http://www.nhif.or.tz/index.php/downloads. Accessed
30 June 2014. Google
Scholar
- World Health Organization. WHO African Region:
Tanzania. Available at: http://www.who.int/countries/tza/en/.
Accessed 1 July 2015. Google
Scholar
- World Bank. The World Bank Indicators: Data. Available
at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator. Accessed 1
July 2015. Google
Scholar
- United Republic of Tanzania’s Ministry of Health.
Health services in Tanzania. Available at: http://moh.go.tz/index.php/health-services-in-tanzania.
Accessed 2 July 2015. Google
Scholar
- The Guardian. Healthcare spending around the world,
country by country. Available at: http://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2012/jun/30/healthcare-spending-world-country.
Accessed 25 October 2015. Google
Scholar
- World Health Organization. Medical devices: managing
the mismatch: an outcome of the priority medical devices
project. WHO 2010. Available at: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564045_eng.pdf.
Accessed 28 November 2014. Google
Scholar
- Sungita YY. Diagnostic X-ray
facilities as per quality control performances in Tanzania.
J Appl Clin Med Phys. 2006 Nov 28;7(4):66-73. PubMed | Google
Scholar