References
- Pluim BM, Zwinderman AH, van der Laarse A, van der Wall EE. The athlete’s heart: a meta-analysis of cardiac structure and function. Circulation. 25 janv 2000;101(3):336-344. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Rawlins J, Bhan A, Sharma S. Left ventricular hypertrophy in athletes. Eur J Echocardiogr J Work Group Echocardiogr Eur Soc Cardiol. mai 2009;10(3):350-356. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Mondillo S, Galderisi M, Mele D, Cameli M, Lomoriello
VS, Zacà V et al. Speckle-tracking echocardiography: a new technique
for assessing myocardial function. J Ultrasound Med Off J Am Inst Ultrasound
Med. janv 2011;30(1):71-8. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Marwick TH, Leano RL, Brown J, Sun J-P, Hoffmann
R, Lysyansky P et al. Myocardial strain measurement with 2-dimensional
speckle-tracking echocardiography: definition of normal range. JACC Cardiovasc
Imaging. janv 2009;2(1):80-8. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- D’Ascenzi F, Caselli S, Solari M, Pelliccia A, Cameli
M, Focardi M et al. Novel echocardiographic techniques for the evaluation
of athletes’ heart: A focus on speckle-tracking echocardiography. Eur
J Prev Cardiol. 19 mai 2015. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Vitarelli A, Capotosto L, Placanica G, Caranci F,
Pergolini M, Zardo F et al. Comprehensive assessment of biventricular
function and aortic stiffness in athletes with different forms of training
by three-dimensional echocardiography and strain imaging. Eur Heart J
Cardiovasc Imaging. oct 2013;14(10):1010-1020. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Simsek Z, Hakan Tas M, Degirmenci H, Gokhan Yazici
A, Ipek E, Duman H et al. Speckle tracking echocardiographic analysis
of left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions of young elite athletes
with eccentric and concentric type of cardiac remodeling. Echocardiogr
Mt Kisco N. nov 2013;30(10):1202-1208. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- De Luca A, Stefani L, Pedrizzetti G, Pedri S, Galanti G. The effect of exercise training on left ventricular function in young elite athletes. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2011;9:27. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Mosteller RD. Simplified calculation of body-surface area. N Engl J Med. 22 oct 1987;317(17):1098. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Devereux RB, Reichek N. Echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass in man: anatomic validation of the method. Circulation. avr 1977;55(4):613-618. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Naylor LH, George K, O’Driscoll G, Green DJ. The athlete’s heart: a contemporary appraisal of the « Morganroth hypothesis ». Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2008;38(1):69-90. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Sengupta PP, Tajik AJ, Chandrasekaran K, Khandheria BK. Twist mechanics of the left ventricle: principles and application. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. mai 2008;1(3):366-376. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Fagard R. Athlete’s heart. Heart Br Card Soc. déc 2003;89(12):1455-1461. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Sharma S, Maron BJ, Whyte G, Firoozi S, Elliott PM, McKenna WJ. Physiologic limits of left ventricular hypertrophy in elite junior athletes: relevance to differential diagnosis of athlete’s heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 16 oct 2002;40(8):1431-1436. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Obert P, Mandigout S, Vinet A, N’Guyen LD, Stecken F, Courteix D. Effect of aerobic training and detraining on left ventricular dimensions and diastolic function in prepubertal boys and girls. Int J Sports Med. févr 2001;22(2):90-96. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Nottin S, Nguyen L-D, Terbah M, Obert P. Left ventricular function in endurance-trained children by tissue Doppler imaging. Med Sci Sports Exerc. sept 2004;36(9):1507-1513. PubMed | Google Scholar
- George KP, Gates PE, Tolfrey K. Impact of aerobic training upon left ventricular morphology and function in pre-pubescent children. Ergonomics. 15 nov 2005;48(11-14):1378-1589. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Obert P, Nottin S, Baquet G, Thevenet D, Gamelin F-X, Berthoin S. Two months of endurance training does not alter diastolic function evaluated by TDI in 9-11-year-old boys and girls. Br J Sports Med. févr 2009;43(2):132-135. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Ozer S, Cil E, Baltaci G, Ergun N, Ozme S. Left ventricular structure and function by echocardiography in childhood swimmers. Jpn Heart J. mai 1994;35(3):295-300. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Relation of transmitral flow velocity patterns to left ventricular diastolic function: new insights from a combined hemodynamic and Doppler echocardiographic study. J Am Coll Cardiol. août 1988;12(2):426-440. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Ayabakan C, Akalin F, Mengütay S, Cotuk B, Odabas I, Ozüak A. Athlete’s heart in prepubertal male swimmers. Cardiol Young. févr 2006;16(1):61-66. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Rowland TW, Garrard M, Marwood S, Guerra ME, Roche D, Unnithan VB. Myocardial performance during progressive exercise in athletic adolescent males. Med Sci Sports Exerc. sept 2009;41(9):1721-1728. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Amundsen BH, Helle-Valle T, Edvardsen T, Torp H,
Crosby J, Lyseggen E et al. Noninvasive myocardial strain measurement
by speckle tracking echocardiography: validation against sonomicrometry
and tagged magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 21 févr 2006;47(4):789-793. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Stefani L, Pedrizzetti G, De Luca A, Mercuri R, Innocenti G, Galanti G. Real-time evaluation of longitudinal peak systolic strain (speckle tracking measurement) in left and right ventricles of athletes. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2009;7:17. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Richand V, Lafitte S, Reant P, Serri K, Lafitte M, Brette S, et al. An ultrasound speckle tracking (two-dimensional strain) analysis of myocardial deformation in professional soccer players compared with healthy subjects and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1 juill 2007;100(1):128-132. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Caselli S, Montesanti D, Autore C, Di Paolo FM, Pisicchio C, Squeo MR, et al. Patterns of left ventricular longitudinal strain and strain rate in Olympic athletes. J Am Soc Echocardiogr Off Publ Am Soc Echocardiogr. févr 2015;28(2):245-253. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Butz T, van Buuren F, Mellwig KP, Langer C, Plehn
G, Meissner A et al. Two-dimensional strain analysis of the global and
regional myocardial function for the differentiation of pathologic and
physiologic left ventricular hypertrophy: a study in athletes and in
patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging.
janv 2011;27(1):91-100. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Galderisi M, Lomoriello VS, Santoro A, Esposito
R, Olibet M, Raia R et al. Differences of myocardial systolic deformation
and correlates of diastolic function in competitive rowers and young
hypertensives: a speckle-tracking echocardiography study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr
Off Publ Am Soc Echocardiogr. nov 2010;23(11):1190-8. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Stefani L, Toncelli L, Di Tante V, Vono MCR, Cappelli
B, Pedrizzetti G et al. Supernormal functional reserve of apical segments
in elite soccer players: an ultrasound speckle tracking handgrip stress
study. Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2008;6:14. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Saghir M, Areces M, Makan M. Strain rate imaging differentiates hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy from physiologic cardiac hypertrophy (athlete’s heart). J Am Soc Echocardiogr Off Publ Am Soc Echocardiogr. févr 2007;20(2):151-157. PubMed | Google Scholar