References

  1. World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2015. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.2015. Google Scholar

  2. World Health Organization. Tuberculosis country profiles report 2015: Senegal tuberculosis profile. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.2015. Google Scholar

  3. Hillemann D, Rusch-Gerdes S, Boehme C, Richter E. Rapid molecular detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis by the automated GeneXpert MTB/RIF system. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2011; 49(4): 1202-5. PubMed | Google Scholar

  4. Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Hillemann D, Nicol MP, Shenai S, Krapp F et al. Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. The New England journal of medicine. 2010; 363(11): 1005-15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. World Health Organization. Policy Statement: Automated Real-Time Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology for Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF system. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.2015. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Tortoli E, Russo C, Piersimoni C, Mazzola E, Dal Monte P, Pascarella M et al. Clinical validation of Xpert MTB/RIF for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. The European respiratory journal. 2012; 40(2): 442-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. Lawn SD, Zumla AI. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis using the Xpert((R)) MTB/RIF assay. Expert review of anti-infective therapy. 2012; 10(6): 631-5. PubMed | Google Scholar

  8. Kent PT, Kubica GP. Public Health Mycobacteriology: a Guide for the Level III Laboratory. Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia.1985. Google Scholar

  9. Helb D, Jones M, Story E, Boehme C, Wallace E, Ho K et al. Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin resistance by use of on-demand, near-patient technology. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2010; 48(1): 229-37. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. Piatek AS, Telenti A, Murray MR, El-Hajj H, Jacobs WR Jr, Kramer FR et al. Genotypic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in two distinct populations using molecular beacons: implications for rapid susceptibility testing. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 2000; 44(1): 103-10. PubMed | Google Scholar

  11. World Health Organization. Automated real-time nucleic acid amplification technology for rapid and simultaneous detection of tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance: Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB in adults and children. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization.2015. Google Scholar

  12. Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems. BD MGITTM TBc ID identification test package insert, BD document L8085917(01). BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, MD.2009. Google Scholar

  13. van Soolingen D, Hermans PW, de Haas PE, Soll DR, van Embden JD. Occurrence and stability of insertion sequences in Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains: evaluation of an insertion sequence-dependent DNA polymorphism as a tool in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. Journal of clinical microbiology. 1991 ; 29(11) :2578-86. PubMed | Google Scholar

  14. Hain Lifescience. Protocole d'utilisation du test GenoTypeŽ MTBDRplus version 2.0. 2012.http://www.moleculartb.org/gb/pdf/protocols/Protocole_GenoType_MTBDRplus_V2.pdf. Accessed on June 15, 2016

  15. Ozkutuk N, Surucuoglu S. Evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in an intermediate-prevalence setting. Mikrobiyoloji bulteni. 2014; 48(2): 223-32. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Zmak L, Jankovic M, Jankovic VK. Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF assay for rapid molecular diagnosis of tuberculosis in a two-year period in Croatia. International journal of mycobacteriology. 2013; 2(3):179-82. PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Scott LE, Beylis N, Nicol M, Nkuna G, Molapo S, Berrie L et al. Diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF for extrapulmonary tuberculosis specimens: establishing a laboratory testing algorithm for South Africa. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2014; 52(6): 1818-23. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Blaich A, Frei R. Performance of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay on nonrespiratory specimens and accuracy of this assay for detection of rifampin resistance in a low-prevalence setting. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2014; 52(2): 706. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Iram S, Zeenat A, Hussain S, Wasim Yusuf N, Aslam M. Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis using Xpert MTB/RIF assay - Report from a developing country. Pakistan journal of medical sciences. 2015; 31(1): 105-10. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Vadwai V, Boehme C, Nabeta P, Shetty A, Alland D, Rodrigues C. Xpert MTB/RIF: a new pillar in diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis? Journal of clinical microbiology. 2011; 49(7): 2540-5. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. Marlowe EM, Novak-Weekley SM, Cumpio J, Sharp SE, Momeny MA, Babst A et al. Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF assay for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens. Journal of clinical microbiology. 2011; 49(4):1621-3. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. Denkinger CM, Schumacher SG, Boehme CC, Dendukuri N, Pai M, Steingart KR. Xpert MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The European respiratory journal. 2014; 44(2): 435-46. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Sharma SK, Kohli M, Chaubey J, Yadav RN, Sharma R, Singh BK et al. Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF assay performance in diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis among adults in a tertiary care centre in India. The European respiratory journal. 2014; 44(4): 1090-3. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Theron G, Peter J, Calligaro G, Meldau R, Hanrahan C, Khalfey H et al. Determinants of PCR performance (Xpert MTB/RIF), including bacterial load and inhibition, for TB diagnosis using specimens from different body compartments. Scientific reports. 2014; 4: 5658. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Kim YW, Kwak N, Seong MW, Kim EC, Yoo CG, Kim YW et al. Accuracy of the Xpert(R) MTB/RIF assay for the diagnosis of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in South Korea. The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease: The official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. 2015; 19(1): 81-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. Gu Y, Wang G, Dong W, Li Y, Ma Y, Shang Y et al. Xpert MTB/RIF and GenoType MTBDRplus assays for the rapid diagnosis of bone and joint tuberculosis. International journal of infectious diseases: IJID: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2015; 36: 27-30. PubMed | Google Scholar

  27. Williamson DA, Basu I, Bower J, Freeman JT, Henderson G, Roberts SA. An evaluation of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay and detection of false-positive rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease. 2012; 74(2): 207-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  28. Ocheretina O, Byrt E, Mabou MM, Royal-Mardi G, Merveille YM, Rouzier V et al. False-positive rifampin resistant results with Xpert MTB/RIF version 4 assay in clinical samples with a low bacterial load. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease. 2016; 85(1): 53-5. PubMed | Google Scholar

  29. Centers for Disease C, Prevention. Availability of an assay for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis, including rifampin-resistant strains, and considerations for its use - United States, 2013. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly report. 2013 ; 62(41): 821-7. PubMed | Google Scholar