References

  1. UNAIDS-WHO. Core Epidemiology Slides 2013 [cited 2015 13th Jan ]. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/en/media/unaids/contentassets/documents/epidemiology/2013/gr2013/201309_epi_core_en.pdf. Accessed 26/04/2016. Google Scholar

  2. UNAIDS. UNAIDS Report on the global AIDS epidemic 2010 [cited 2013 18th June]. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/globalreport/Global_report.htm. Accessed 26/04/2016. Google Scholar

  3. Denis Tindyebwa JKPM, Brian Eley, Ruth Nduati, Nathan Tumwesigye, Charles Mwansambo, Dorothy MboriNgacha, Mary Pat Kieffer. © 2011 African Network for the Care of Children Affected by HIV/AIDS (ANECCA). Handbook on Pædiatric AIDS in Africa by the African Network for the Care of Children Affected by HIV/AIDS ? ANECCA Second Edition 2011. 2011.ANECCA website www.anecca.org. Accessed 26/04/2016. Google Scholar

  4. MoH. 2011 Uganda AIDS Indicator Survey: Key Findings. 2012.http://health.go.ug/docs/UAIS_2011_KEY_FINDINGS.pdf. Accessed 26/04/2016. Google Scholar

  5. Obare F, Birungi H. HIV/AIDS, knowledge of sero-status, and sexual and reproductive experiences and intentions of adolescents in Uganda 2009. Available from: http://iussp2009.princeton.edu/papers/90944. Accessed 26/04/2016. Google Scholar

  6. Fransen-Dos Santos R. Young people, sexual and reproductive health and HIV. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2009 Nov;87(11):877-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. Baryamutuma R, Baingana F. Sexual, reproductive health needs and rights of young people with perinatally acquired HIV in Uganda. African health sciences. 2011 Jun;11(2):211-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  8. Global Network of People living with HIV (GNP+)/ Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS. Positive health, dignity and prevention [Information note] Amsterdam/Geneva2009 [cited 2013 18th June]. Available from: http://www.gnpplus.net/images/stories/200905_information_note_on_positive_health_dignityand_prevention.pdf. Accessed 26/04/2016. Google Scholar

  9. Bakeera-Kitaka S, Nabukeera-Barungi N, Nostlinger C, Addy K, Colebunders R. Sexual risk reduction needs of adolescents living with HIV in a clinical care setting. AIDS care. 2008 Apr;20(4):426-33. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. Birungi H, Mugisha JF, Obare F, Nyombi JK. Sexual behavior and desires among adolescents perinatally infected with human immunodeficiency virus in Uganda: implications for programming. The Journal of adolescent health: official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 2009 Feb;44(2):184-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  11. Kennedy CE, Medley AM, Sweat MD, O'Reilly KR. Behavioural interventions for HIV positive prevention in developing countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2010 Aug 1;88(8):615-23. PubMed | Google Scholar

  12. Lifshay J, Nakayiwa S, King R, Reznick OG, Katuntu D, Batamwita R et al. Partners at risk: motivations, strategies, and challenges to HIV transmission risk reduction among HIV-infected men and women in Uganda. AIDS care. 2009 Jun;21(6):715-24. PubMed | Google Scholar

  13. Leslie K. Survey Sampling: John Willey and Sons, Inc. NY. 1965. Google Scholar

  14. Tumukunde D, Nuwaha F, Ekirapa E, Kityo C, Ssali F, Mugyenyi P. Sexual behaviour among persons living with HIV/AIDS in Kampala, Uganda. East African medical journal. 2010 Mar;87(3):91-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Sarna A, Luchters S, Pickett M, Chersich M, Okal J, Geibel S et al. Sexual behavior of HIV-positive adults not accessing HIV treatment in Mombasa, Kenya: Defining their prevention needs. AIDS research and therapy. 2012;9:9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Musinguzi G, Bwayo D, Kiwanuka N, Coutinho S, Mukose A, Kabanda J et al. Sexual behavior among persons living with HIV in Uganda: implications for policy and practice. PloS one. 2014;9(1):e85646. PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Santelli JS, Ott MA, Lyon M, Rogers J, Summers D. Abstinence-only education policies and programs: a position paper of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine. 2006 Jan;38(1):83-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Santelli JS, Speizer IS, Edelstein ZR. Abstinence promotion under PEPFAR: the shifting focus of HIV prevention for youth. Global public health. 2013;8(1):1-12. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Stella Babalola DA, Brigitte Quenum-Renaud. The correlates of safe sex practices among Rwandan youth: a positive deviance approach. African Journal of AIDS Research. 2002;1(1):11-21. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Uganda Bureau of Statistics and ORC Macro International Inc. Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2006. Calverton, Maryland: UBOS and Macro International Inc; 2007. Google Scholar

  21. Hendershot CS, Stoner SA, Pantalone DW, Simoni JM. Alcohol use and antiretroviral adherence: review and meta-analysis. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 2009 Oct 1;52(2):180-202. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. Mhalu A, Leyna GH, Mmbaga EJ. Risky behaviours among young people living with HIV attending care and treatment clinics in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: implications for prevention with a positive approach. Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2013; 16(1): 17342. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Gruskin S, Ferguson L, O'Malley J. Ensuring sexual and reproductive health for people living with HIV: an overview of key human rights, policy and health systems issues. Reproductive health matters. 2007 May;15(29 Suppl):4-26. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Bunnell R, Opio A, Musinguzi J, Kirungi W, Ekwaru P, Mishra V et al. HIV transmission risk behavior among HIV-infected adults in Uganda: results of a nationally representative survey. AIDS (London, England). 2008 Mar 12;22(5):617-24. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. King R, Katuntu D, Lifshay J, Packel L, Batamwita R, Nakayiwa S et al. Processes and outcomes of HIV serostatus disclosure to sexual partners among people living with HIV in Uganda. AIDS and behavior. 2008 Mar;12(2):232-43. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Health Resources and Services Administration; National Institutes of Health, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Incorporating HIV prevention into the medical care of persons living with HIV: Recommendations of CDC, the Health Resources and Services Administration, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2003 Jul 18;52(RR-12):1-24. PubMed | Google Scholar

  27. Wandera B, Kamya MR, Castelnuovo B, Kiragga A, Kambugu A, Wanyama JN et al. Sexual behaviors over a 3-year period among individuals with advanced HIV/AIDS receiving antiretroviral therapy in an urban HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 2011 May 1;57(1):62-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  28. Beyeza-Kashesya J, Kaharuza F, Ekstrom AM, Neema S, Kulane A, Mirembe F. To use or not to use a condom: a prospective cohort study comparing contraceptive practices among HIV-infected and HIV-negative youth in Uganda. BMC infectious diseases. 2011;11:144. PubMed | Google Scholar

  29. Bateganya M, Colfax G, Shafer LA, Kityo C, Mugyenyi P, Serwadda D et al. Antiretroviral therapy and sexual behavior: a comparative study between antiretroviral- naive and -experienced patients at an urban HIV/AIDS care and research center in Kampala, Uganda. AIDS patient care and STDs. 2005 Nov;19(11):760-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  30. Anand A, Shiraishi RW, Bunnell RE, Jacobs K, Solehdin N, Abdul-Quader AS et al. Knowledge of HIV status, sexual risk behaviors and contraceptive need among people living with HIV in Kenya and Malawi. AIDS (London, England). 2009 Jul 31;23(12):1565-73. PubMed | Google Scholar

  31. Wamoyi J, Mbonye M, Seeley J, Birungi J, Jaffar S. Changes in sexual desires and behaviours of people living with HIV after initiation of ART: implications for HIV prevention and health promotion. BMC public health. 2011;11:633. PubMed | Google Scholar

  32. Dessie Y, Gerbaba M, Bedru A, Davey G. Risky sexual practices and related factors among ART attendees in Addis Ababa Public Hospitals, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health. 2011;11:422. PubMed | Google Scholar

  33. Schroder KE, Carey MP, Vanable PA. Methodological challenges in research on sexual risk behavior: I Item content, scaling, and data analytical options. Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine. 2003 Oct;26(2):76-103. PubMed | Google Scholar

  34. Beyeza-Kashesya J, Kaharuza F, Mirembe F, Neema S, Ekstrom AM, Kulane A. The dilemma of safe sex and having children: challenges facing HIV sero-discordant couples in Uganda. African health sciences. 2009 Mar;9(1):2-12. PubMed | Google Scholar