References

  1. Kontoyiannis DP, Lewis RE. Agents of mucormycosis and Entomophthoramycosis, Mandell GL, Bennett GE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia, Pa: Churchill Livingstone. 2010; 7th ed: 3257-69. Google Scholar

  2. Kwon-Chung KJ. Taxonomy of fungi causing mucormycosis and entomophthoramycosis (zygomycosis) and nomenclature of the disease: molecular mycologic perspectives. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2012 Feb 1;54(suppl 1):S8-15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. Mohindra S, Mohindra S, Gupta R, Bakshi J, Gupta SK. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis: the disease spectrum in 27 patients. Mycoses. 2007 Jul 1;50(4):290-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  4. Rahman A, Akter K, Hossain S, Rashid HU. Rhino-orbital mucourmycosis in a non-immunocompromised patient. BMJ case reports. 2013 Feb 7;2013:bcr2012007863. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. Lalayanni C, Baliakas P, Xochelli A, Apostolou C, Arabatzis M, Velegraki A. Outbreak of cutaneous zygomycosis associated with the use of adhesive tape in haematology patients. J Hosp Infect. 2012 Jul; 81(3):213-. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Rammaert B, Lanternier F, Zahar JR, Dannaoui E, Bougnoux ME, Lecuit M, Lortholary O. Healthcare-associated mucormycosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2012 Feb 1;54(suppl 1):S44-54. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. Andresen D, Donaldson A, Choo L, Knox A, Klaassen M, Ursic C, Vonthethoff L, Krilis S, Konecny P. Multifocal cutaneous mucormycosis complicating polymicrobial wound infections in a tsunami survivor from Sri Lanka. The Lancet. 2005 Mar 11;365(9462):876-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  8. NeblettFanfair R, Benedict K, Bos J, Bennett SD, Lo YC, Adebanjo T. Necrotizing cutaneous mucormycosis after a tornado in Joplin, Missouri, in 2011. N Engl J Med. 2012 Dec; 6. 367(23):2214-25. PubMed | Google Scholar

  9. Kouadio IK, Aljunid S, Kamigaki T, Hammad K, Oshitani H. Infectious diseases following natural disasters: prevention and control measures. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2012 Jan; 10(1):95-104. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. Pagano L, Ricci P, Tonso A, et al. Mucormycosis in patients with haematological malignancies: a retrospective clinical study of 37 cases, GIMEMA Infection Program (Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche Malignedel l'Adulto). Br J Haematol. 1997 Nov; 99(2):331-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  11. Lee FY, Mossad SB, Adal KA. Pulmonary mucormycosis: the last 30 years. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Jun 28; 159(12):1301-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  12. Hong HL, Lee YM, Kim T, Lee JY, Chung YS, Kim MN, Kim SH, Choi SH, Kim YS, Woo JH, Lee SO. Risk factors for mortality in patients with invasive mucormycosis. Infection & chemotherapy. 2013 Sep 1;45(3):292-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  13. Riera F, Marangoni LD, Allende BL, Allende C, Minoldo E, Martinatto C, Paoletti OA, Bergallo C. Mucormycosis clinical cases and update.Rev FacCien Med UnivNac Cordoba. 2014; 71(4):192-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  14. Ibrahim AS1, Kontoyiannis DP. Update on mucormycosis pathogenesis. CurrOpin Infect Dis. 2013 Dec; 26(6):508-15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. De Pauw B, Walsh TJ, Donnelly JP, Stevens DA, Edwards JE, Calandra T, Pappas PG, Maertens J, Lortholary O, Kauffman CA, Denning DW. Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group (EORTC/MSG) Consensus Group. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jun 15;46(12):1813-21. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Frater JL, Hall GS, Procop GW. Histologic features of zygomycosis: emphasis on perineural invasion and fungal morphology. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine. 2001 Mar;125(3):375-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Parfrey NA. Improved Diagnosis and Prognosis of Mucormyucosis: A CLINICOPATHOLOGIC STUDY OF 33 CASES. Medicine. 1986 Mar 1;65(2):113-23. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Spellberg B, Edwards J, Ibrahim A. Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2005 Jul 1;18(3):556-69. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Prabhu RM, Patel R. Mucormycosis and entomophthoramycosis: a review of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment. Clinical Microbiology and Infection. 2004 Mar 1;10(s1):31-47. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Chakrabarti A, Das A, Mandal J, Shivaprakash MR, George VK, Tarai B, Rao P, Panda N, Verma SC, Sakhuja V. The rising trend of invasive zygomycosis in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Medical mycology. 2006 Jan 1;44(4):335-42. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. Ludvigsson J. Why diabetes incidence increases—a unifying theory. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2006 Oct 1;1079(1):374-82. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. Nithyanandam S, Jacob MS, Battu RR, Thomas RK, Correa MA, D'Souza O. Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: a retrospective analysis of clinical features and treatment outcomes. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2003 Sep 1;51(3):231. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Joshi N, Caputo GM, Weitekamp MR, Karchmer AW. Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999 Dec 16;341(25):1906-12. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Chayakulkeeree M, Ghannoum MA, Perfect JR. Zygomycosis: the re-emerging fungal infection. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2006 Apr 1;25(4):215-29. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Sugar AM, Mandell GL, Douglas Jr RG, Bennett JE. Agents of mucormycosis and related species. Principles and practice of infectious diseases. 1990(Ed. 3):1962-72. Google Scholar

  26. Greenberg RN, Scott LJ, Vaughn HH, Ribes JA. Zygomycosis (mucormycosis): emerging clinical importance and new treatments. Current opinion in infectious diseases. 2004 Dec 1;17(6):517-25. PubMed | Google Scholar

  27. Helderman JH, Cooper HS, Mann JO. Letter: Chronic phycomycosis in a controlled diabetic. Annals of internal medicine. 1974 Mar;80(3):419-. PubMed | Google Scholar

  28. Bhansali A, Bhadada S, Sharma A, Suresh V, Gupta A, Singh P, Chakarbarti A, Dash RJ. Presentation and outcome of rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis in patients with diabetes. Postgraduate medical journal. 2004 Nov 1;80(949):670-4. PubMed | Google Scholar

  29. Fatterpekar G, Mukherji S, Arbealez A, Maheshwari S and Castillo M. Fungal diseases of the paranasal sinuses. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1999; 20:391–401. PubMed | Google Scholar

  30. Talmi YP, Goldschmied-Reouven A, Bakon M, Barshack I, Wolf M, Horowitz Z, Berkowicz M, Keller N, Kronenberg J. Rhino-orbital and rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis. Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery. 2002 Jul 1;127(1):22-31. PubMed | Google Scholar

  31. Thajeb P, Thajeb T, Dai D. Fatal strokes in patients with rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis and associated vasculopathy. Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases. 2004 Sep 1;36(9):643-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  32. Gleissner B, Schilling A, Anagnostopolous I, Siehl I, Thiel E. Improved outcome of zygomycosis in patients with hematological diseases?. Leukemia & lymphoma. 2004 Jul 1;45(7):1351-60. PubMed | Google Scholar

  33. Tedder M, Spratt JA, Anstadt MP, Hegde SS, Tedder SD, Lowe JE. Pulmonary mucormycosis: results of medical and surgical therapy. The Annals of thoracic surgery. 1994 Apr 30;57(4):1044-50. PubMed | Google Scholar

  34. Patiño JF, Castro D. Necrotizing lesions of soft tissues: a review. World journal of surgery. 1991 Mar 1;15(2):235-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  35. Prasad RM, Bose SM, Vaiphei K, Verma GR. Post operative abdominal wall mucormycosis mimicking as bacterial necrotising fasciitis. Journal of postgraduate medicine. 2003 Apr 1;49(2):187. PubMed | Google Scholar

  36. Straatsma BR, Zimmerman LE and Gass JDM. Phycomycosis: a clinicopathologic study of fifty-one cases. Lab. Investig.1962; 11:963–985. PubMed | Google Scholar

  37. Khor BS, Lee MH, Leu HS, Liu JW. Rhinocerebral mucormycosis in Taiwan. Journal of microbiology, immunology, and infection= Wei mian yu gan ran za zhi. 2003 Dec;36(4):266-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  38. Peterson KL, M Wang, Canalis RF and Abemayor E . Rhinocerebralmucormycosis: evolution of the disease and treatment options. Laryngoscope.1997; 107:855–862. PubMed | Google Scholar

  39. Petrikkos G, Skiada A, Sambatakou H, Toskas A, Vaiopoulos G, Giannopoulou M, Katsilambros N. Mucormycosis: ten-year experience at a tertiary-care center in Greece. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2003 Dec 1;22(12):753-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  40. Spellberg B, Edwards J, Ibrahim A. Novel perspectives on mucormycosis: pathophysiology, presentation, and management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2005 Jul 1;18(3):556-69. PubMed | Google Scholar