References

  1. Behrman RE, Butler AS, editors. Preterm Birth: causes, consequences, and prevention. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US). 2007; 12. Google Scholar

  2. Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rodgers A et al. Selected major risk factors and global and regional burden of disease. Lancet. 2002 Nov 2;360(9343):1347-60. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. Callaghan WM, MacDorman MF, Rasmussen SA et al. The contribution of preterm birth to infant mortality rates in the United States. Pediatrics. 2006 Oct; 118(4): 1566-73. PubMed | Google Scholar

  4. Vogel JP, Lee AC, Souza JP. Maternal morbidity and preterm birth in 22 low- and middle-income countries: a secondary analysis of the WHO Global Survey dataset. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2014; 14:56. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. Liu L, Oza S, Hogan D, Perin J, Rudan I, Lawn JE, Cousens S, Mathers C, Black RE. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2000-13, with projections to inform post-2015 priorities: an updated systematic analysis. Lancet. 2015 Jan 31;385(9966):430-40. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Oestergaard MZ et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of preterm birth rates in the year 2010 with time trends since 1990 for selected countries: a systematic analysis and implications. Lancet. 2012; 379:2162-172. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. Liu L, Johnson HL, Cousens S et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality: an updated systematic analysis for 2010 with time trends since 2000. Lancet. 2012; 379: 2151-2161. PubMed | Google Scholar

  8. Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYS) for 291 diesases and injuries in 21 regions. Lancet. 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2197-223. PubMed | Google Scholar

  9. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2014). World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, Methodology of the United Nations Population Estimates and Projections. ESA/P/WP.235. Google Scholar

  10. National Population Commission (NPC) [Nigeria] and ICF International. Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey 2013. Abuja, Nigeria and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NPC and ICF International. Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding Premature Birth and Assuring Healthy Outcomes. 2014. Google Scholar

  11. http://wdi.worldbank.org/table/2.21 Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, UN DESA Population Division) at www.childmortality.org. 2014. Google Scholar

  12. March of Dimes, PMNCH, Save the Children, WHO. Born Too Soon: the Global Action Report on Preterm Birth. EdsCP Howson, MV Kinney, JE Lawn. World Health Organization. Geneva, 2012. Google Scholar

  13. Federal Ministry of Health. Saving newborn lives in Nigeria: Newborn health in the context of the Integrated Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Strategy. 2nd edition. Abuja: Federal Ministry of Health, Save the Children, Jhpiego; 2011. Google Scholar

  14. Ahmed O, Odunukwe N, Raheem Y et al. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of HIV/AIDS among traditional birth attendants and herbal practitioners in Lagos State, Nigeria. African Journal of AIDS Research. 2004; 3: 191-196. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Bukar M, Jauro YS. Home births and postnatal practices in Madagali, North-Eastern Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract. 2013 Apr-Jun; 16(2): 232-7. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Blencowe H, Cousens S, Chou D et al. Born too soon: the global epidemiology of 15 million preterm births. Reprod Health. 2013; 10 Suppl 1: S2. PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Etuk SJ, Etuk JS, Oyo-Ita AE. Factors Influencing the Incidence of Pre-term Birth in Calabar, Nigeria. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2005 Jun-Dec; 20(1-2): 63-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Mokuolu OA, Suleiman B, Adesiyun O, Adeniyi A. Prevalence and determinants of pre-term deliveries in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Pediatr Rep. 2010 Jun 18; 2(1): e3. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Olusanya BO, Ofovwe GE. Predictors of preterm births and low birthweight in an inner-city hospital in sub-Saharan Africa. Matern Child Health J. 2010 Nov; 14(6): 978-86. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Iyoke CA, Lawani OL, Ezugwu EC et al. Prevalence and perinatal mortality associated with preterm births in a tertiary medical center in South East Nigeria. Int J Womens Health. 2014 Oct 17; 6: 881-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. Adam T, Lim SS, Mehta S et al. Cost effectiveness analysis of strategies for maternal and neonatal health in developing countries. BMJ. 2005 Nov 12;331(7525):1107. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. Ganchimeg T, Mori R, Ota E et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes among nulliparous adolescents in low- and middle-income countries: a multi-country study. BJOG. 2013 Dec; 120(13): 1622-30. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/ProductsPubs/PDFs/Preterm%20Delivery%20FS.pdf. Google Scholar

  24. Newburn-Cook CV, Onyskiw JE. Is older maternal age a risk factor for preterm birth and fetal growth restriction? A systematic review. Health Care Women Int. 2005 Oct;26(9):852-75. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Alisha Tucker, Ogutu D, Yoong W, Nauta M et al. The unbooked mother: a cohort study of maternal and fetal outcomes in a North London Hospital. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010 Apr;281(4):613-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. Chike-Obi U. Preterm delivery in Ilorin: multiple and teenage pregnancies as major aetiological factors. West Afr J Med. 1993 Oct-Dec;12(4):228-30. PubMed | Google Scholar

  27. Mokuolu AO, Abdul IF, Adesiyun O. Maternal factors associated with early spontaneous singleton preterm delivery in Nigeria. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002; 19:32-35. PubMed | Google Scholar

  28. Di Renzo GC, Giardina I, Rosati A et al. Maternal risk factors for preterm birth: a country-based population analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011 Dec;159(2):342-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  29. Assunção PL, Novaes HM, Alencar GP et al. Factors associated with preterm birth in Campina Grande, Paraíba State, Brazil: a case-control study. Cad Saude Publica. 2012 Jun;28(6):1078-90. PubMed | Google Scholar

  30. Spiegler J, Stichtenoth G, Weichert J et al. Pregnancy risk factors for very premature delivery: what role do hypertension, obesity and diabetes play? Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2013 Jul;288(1):57-64. PubMed | Google Scholar

  31. Brown H, Speechley K, Macnab J et al. Biological determinants of spontaneous late preterm and early term birth: a retrospective cohort study. BJOG. 2015 Mar; 122(4): 491-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  32. Shah PS, Knowledge Synthesis Group on Determinants of LBW/PT births. Parity and low birth weight and preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2010 Jul;89(7):862-75. PubMed | Google Scholar

  33. Denney JM, Culhane JF, Goldenberg RL. Prevention of preterm birth. Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2008 Nov;4(6):625-38. PubMed | Google Scholar

  34. Joseph O, Biodun O, Michael E. Pregnancy outcome among HIV positive women receiving antenatal HAART versus untreated maternal HIV infection. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2011 Jun;21(6):356-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  35. Monebenimp F, Nga-Essono DE, Zoung-Kany Bissek AC et al. HIV exposure and related newborn morbidity and mortality in the University Teaching Hospital of Yaounde, Cameroon. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;8:43. PubMed | Google Scholar

  36. Ekure EN, Ezeaka VC, Iroha E, Egri-Okwaji MTC. Prospective audit of perinatal mortality among inborn babies in a tertiary health centercenter in Lagos, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2011; 14: 88-94. PubMed | Google Scholar

  37. Ticconi C, Mapfumo M, Dorrucci M et al. Effect of maternal HIV and malaria infection on pregnancy and perinatal outcome in Zimbabwe. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003 Nov 1;34(3):289-94. PubMed | Google Scholar

  38. Brocklehurst P, French R. The association between maternal HIV infection and perinatal outcome: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1998 Aug;105(8):836-48. PubMed | Google Scholar

  39. Steer P. The epidemiology of preterm labor-a global perspective. Journal of perinatal medicine. 2005; 33(4): 273-276. PubMed | Google Scholar

  40. Vintzileos AM, Ananth CV, Smulian JC, Scorza WE, Knuppel RA. The impact of prenatal care in the United States on preterm births in the presence and absence of antenatal high-risk conditions. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2002; 187(5): 1254-1257. PubMed | Google Scholar

  41. Papiernik E, Bouyer J, Dreyfus J et al. Prevention of preterm births: a perinatal study in Haguenau, France. Pediatrics. 1985 Aug;76(2):154-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  42. Paul Harris A, Robert Taylor, Robert Thielke et al. Research electronic data capture (REDCap) - A metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009 Apr;42(2):377-81. PubMed | Google Scholar