References

  1. Hilton P. Vesico-vaginal fistulas in developing countries.International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2003; 82(3): 285-295. PubMed | Google Scholar

  2. Nafiou I, Idrissa A, Ghaïchatou AK, Roenneburg ML, Wheeless CR, Genadry RR. Obstetric vesico-vaginal fistulas at the National Hospital of Niamey, Niger. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2007; 99 Suppl 1: S71-S74. PubMed | Google Scholar

  3. Moudouni S, Nouri M, Koutani A, Ibn Attaya A, Hachimi M, Lakrissa A. Les fistules vésico-vaginales obstétricales A propos de 114 cas. Progrès en Urologie. 2001; 11: 103-108. PubMed | Google Scholar

  4. Arrowsmith S, Hamlin EC, Wall LL. Obstructed Labor Injury Complex: Obstetric Fistula Formation and the Multifaceted Morbidity of Maternal Birth Trauma in the Developing World. Obstetrical & gynecological survey. 1996; 51(9): 568-574. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. Danso KA, Martey JO, Wall LL, Elkins TE. The epidemiology of genitourinary fistulae in Kumasi, Ghana, 1977-1992. International Urogynecology Journal. 1996; 7(3): 117-120. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Donnay F, Ramsey K. Eliminating obstetric fistula: Progress in partnerships. International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics. 2006; 94(3): 254-261. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. OMS. Mortalité maternelle. Aide-mémoire N°348. 2014. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs348/fr/. Consulté le 15 Août 2014. Google Scholar

  8. UNFPA. La santé maternelle en Afrique. 2013. Disponible sur www.unfpa.org. Google Scholar

  9. Mahmoud FF. Human rights aspects of safe motherhood. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2006; 20(3): 409-419. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, the World Bank. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 20 2012. Geneva, Switzerland; OMS. Google Scholar

  11. Guttmacher Institute, UNFPA. "Adding it Up: The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Family Planning and Maternal and Newborn Health". 2009 New York, USA. Guttmacher Institute. Google Scholar

  12. Say L, Chou D, Gemmil A, Tunçalp O, Moller AB, Daniels J, GülmezogluMetin A. Global Causes of Maternal Death: A WHO Systematic Analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2014; 2(6): e323-e333. PubMed | Google Scholar

  13. UNICEF, WHO, the World Bank, United Nations Population Division. The Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN IGME). Levels and Trends in Child Mortality. 2013; New York, USA UNICEF. PubMed | Google Scholar

  14. UNICEF. "Committing to Child Survival: A Promise Renewed" 2012. New York. UNICEF. Google Scholar

  15. Cousens S, Blencowe H, Stanton C, Chou D, Ahmed S, Steinhardt L, Creanga AA, Tunçalp O, Balsara ZP, Gupta S, Say L, Lawn JE. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in 2009 with trends since 1995: a systematic analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2011; 377(9774): 1319-30. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. OMS. 10 faits sur la fistule obstétrique. 2014.http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obstetric_fistula/fr/ ; Consulté le 15 Août 2014. Google Scholar

  17. UNFPA. Quand l'accouchement nuit à la santé: la fistule obstétricale. 2014. http://www.unfpa.org/webdav/site/global/shared/factsheets/srh/FR-SRH%20fact%20sheet-Fistula.pdf; Consulté le 15 Août 2014. Google Scholar

  18. Vangeenderhuysen C, Prual A, Ould el Joud D. Obstetric fistulae: Incidence estimates for sub-Saharan. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2001 Apr;73(1):65-6. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Institut National de la Statistique, Ministère de l'Economie de la Planification et de l'Aménagement du Térritoire, Minitère de la Santé Publique. Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples (EDS-MICS). 2012. Maryland, USA ICF International, Calverton. Google Scholar

  20. Ampofo EK, Omotara BA, Otu T, Uchebo G. Risk factors of vesico-vaginal fistulae in Maiduguri, Nigeria: a case-control study. Tropical doctor. 1990; 20(3): 138-139. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. Browning A, Fentahun W, Goh JTW. The impact of surgical treatment on the mental health of women with obstetric fistula. British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2007; 114:1439-1441. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. Wall LL. Obstetric vesicovaginal fistula as an international public health problem. Lancet. 2006 Sep 30;368(9542):1201-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. UNFPA, Ministère de la Santé Publique. Analyse de la situation des fistules obstétricales dans les régions de l'Extrême-nord et du Nord au Cameroun. 2004 ; UNFPA. Google Scholar

  24. Tebeu PM, De Bernis L, Boisrond L, Le Duc A, Mbassi AA, Rochat CH. Connaissance, attitude et perception vis-à-vis des fistules obstétricales par les femmes camerounaises Une enquête clinique conduite à Maroua, capitale de la province de l'Extrême-nord du Cameroun. Elsevier Masson, Progrès en urologie.2008; 18: 379-389. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Ijaiya MA, Aboyeji PA. Obstetric urogenital fistula: the Ilorin experience, Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2004; 23: 7-9. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. Wall LL, Karshima JA, Kirschner C, Arrowsmith SD. The obstetric vesicovaginal fistula: characteristics of 899 patients from Jos, Nigeria. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004; 190: 1011-1019. PubMed | Google Scholar

  27. Turan JM, Johnson K, Polan ML. Experiences of women seeking medical care for obstetric fistula in Eritrea: Implications for prevention, treatment, and social reintegration.Global Public Health: An International Journal for Research, Policy and Practice.2007; 2(1):64-77. PubMed | Google Scholar

  28. Yeakey MP, Chipeta E, Taulo F, Tsui AO. The lived experience of Malawian women with obstetric fistula. Cult Health Sex. 2009 Jun;11(5):499-513. PubMed | Google Scholar

  29. Ahmed S, Holtz SA. Social and economic consequences of obstetric fistula: Life changed forever? Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007; 99:S10-S15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  30. Miller S, Lester F, Webster M, Cowan B. Obstetric fistula: a preventable tragedy. Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health. 2005;50(4):286-294. PubMed | Google Scholar

  31. Bangser M. Obstetric fistula and stigma.The Lancet Global Health. 2006; 367(9509): 535-536. PubMed | Google Scholar

  32. Gharoro EP, Agholor KN. Aspects of psychosocial problems of patients with vesico-vaginal fistula. Journal of Obstetrics &Gynaecology. 2009; 29(7): 644-647. PubMed | Google Scholar

  33. Muleta M, Hamlin EC, Fantahun M, Kennedy RC, Tafesse B. Health and social problems encountered by treated and untreated obstetric fistula patients in rural Ethiopia.J ObstetGynaecol Can. 2008; 30(1): 44-50. PubMed | Google Scholar

  34. UNFPA. Campaign to end fistula. The challenge of living with fistula. 2010 ; http://www.endfistula.com/living_with_fistula.htm : Consulté le 9 Juillet 2014. Google Scholar

  35. Women Dignity Project, Engender Health. Risk and Resilience: Obstetric Fistula in Tanzania: An overview of Findings and Recommendations from the Study.2006. Tanzania; Dar es Salaam. Google Scholar

  36. Chong E. Healing Wounds, Instilling Hope; the Tanzanian Partnership against Obstetric Fistula. In Quality/Calidad/Qualit. 2004; New York, USA Population Council. Google Scholar

  37. Cook RJ, Dickens M, Syed S. Obstetric fistula: The challenge to human rights. Int J Gynecol Obstet. 2004; 87(1): 72-77. PubMed | Google Scholar

  38. Wall LL. Preventing obstetric fistulas in low-resource countries: insights from a Haddon matrix. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2012; 67(2): 111-121. PubMed | Google Scholar

  39. Mohammad RH. A community program for women's health and development: Implications for the long-term care of women with fistulas. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2007 ;99:S137-S142. PubMed | Google Scholar

  40. Mselle LT, Moland KM, Bjørg EO, Mvungi A, Thecla WK."I am nothing" experiences of loss among women suffering from severe birth injuries in Tanzania. BMC Women's Health.2011; 11: 49. PubMed | Google Scholar

  41. UNFPA, Unité de recherche démographique, Ministère de la Santé Division de la Santé Familiale. Facteurs socio-culturels, conséquences psycho-sociales des fistules obstétricales au Togo et capacités de prise en charge dans les communautés « fistules - Togo / 2009 ». 2010. UNFPA. Google Scholar

&