References

  1. Health people 2010 objectives. Chronic kidney disease, national institute of diabetes and kidney diseases.2010. http://www2.niddk.nihgov/aboutniddk/organization accessed 2nd November 2013.

  2. United States Renal Data System (USRDS) cited in Health people 2010 objectives. Chronic kidney disease, national institute of diabetes and kidney diseases.2010. http://wwwniddk.nihgov/aboutniddk/organization accessed 2th November 2013.

  3. Ifeoma I Ulasi, Chinwuba K Ijoma. The Enormity of Chronic Kidney Disease in Nigeria: The Situation in a Teaching Hospital in South-East Nigeria.2010. Google Scholar

  4. Ruggenenti P, Remuzzi G. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy for non-diabetic progressive renal disease. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 1997; 6(5):489-495. PubMed | Google Scholar

  5. Klahr S, Levey AS, Beck GJ, Caggiula AW, Hunsicker LJ, Kusek JW, Striker G. MDRD Study Group, the effects of dietary protein restriction and blood pressure control on progression of chronic renal failure. N Engl J Med.1994; 330:878-884. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Hebert LA, Kusek JW, Greene T, Agodoa LY, Jones CA, Levey AS, Breyer JA, Faubert P, Rolin MT, Wang S. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group-Effects of blood pressure control on progressive renal disease in blacks and whites. Hypertension. 1997; 30:428-435. PubMed | Google Scholar

  7. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control reduces the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in Type 2 diabetes. British Medical Journal (in press). 1998. Google Scholar

  8. Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, Miyati T, Isami S, Motoyoshi S, Kojima Y, Furuyoshi N, Shichiri M. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: A randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice.1995; 28:103-117. Google Scholar

  9. World Health Organization, “Global burden of disease,” March 2006. http://www3.who.int/whosis/menu.cfm?path=evidence. accessed 6th November 2013.

  10. Akinsola W, Odesanmi WO, Ogunniyi JO, and Ladipo GO. Diseases causing chronic renal failure in Nigerians-a prospective study of 100 cases. African Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences. 1989; 18(2): 131-137. PubMed | Google Scholar

  11. Adetuyibi A, Akisanya JB, and Onadeko BO. Analysis of the causes of death on the medical wards of the University College Hospital, Ibadan over a 14 year period (1960-1973). Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 1976; 70 (5-6): 466-473. PubMed | Google Scholar

  12. Menno T Pruijm, George Madeleine, Walter F Riesen, Michel Burniern and Pascal Bovet. Prevalence of microalbuminuria in the general population of Seychelles and strong association with diabetes and hypertension independent of renal markers. Journal of Hypertension. 2008; 26:871-877. Google Scholar

  13. OMS. Statistiques mondiales 2012. www.who.int/gho/publications accessed 6th November 2013.

  14. Ijoma CK, Ulasi I, and Kalu AO. Cost implications of treatment of end-stage renal disease in Nigeria. Journal of College of Medicine.1998; 3(2): 95-96. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Metnitz PG, Krenn CG, Steltzer H, et al. Effect of acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy on outcome in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2002; 30(9): 2051-8. PubMed | Google Scholar

  16. Gerard Bozet. Insuffisance rénale chronique terminale- De quoi meurent les patients ? Entretien avec Pr Bernard Canaud, service de néphrologie, dialyse et soins intensifs, hôpital Lapeyronie, Montpellier. Le quotidien du Médecin.2007; 8244. www.quotimed.com accessed 6th November 2013. Google Scholar

  17. Nichols G and Brown J. The impact of cardiovascular disease on medical care costs in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care.2002; 25(3): 482-486. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Philip Clarke, Chris Kelman, Stephen Colagiuri. Factors influencing the cost of hospital care for people with diabetes in Australia. Journal of diabetes and its complications.2006; 20(6):349-355. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Donnan P, Leese G and Morris A. Hospitalizations for people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes compared with the non diabetic population of Tayside, Scotland: A retrospective cohort study of resource use. Diabetes Care. 2000; 23:1774-1779. Google Scholar

  20. Selby J, Ray G, Zhang D and Colby C. Excess costs of medical care for patients with diabetes in a managed care population. Diabetes.1997; 20(9):1396-1402. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. Journois D. Conséquences de la défaillance rénale sur le devenir des patients. Congrès national d’anesthesie et de réanimation 2007, conférences d’actualisation. 173-190. www.sfar.org/acta/dossier/archives/ca07_14/ca_07.htm accessed 6th November 2013.