References

1. Babiker HM, Schlebusch CM, Hassan HY, Jakobsson M. Genetic variation and population structure of Sudanese populations as indicated by 15 Identifiler sequence-tagged repeat (STR) loci. Investig Genet. 2011 May 4;2(1):12. PubMed | Google Scholar


2. Tay, JSH and N Saha. Genetic heterogeneity among the Negroid and Arab Tribes of the Sudan. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 1988; 76(2): 211-215. PubMed | Google Scholar


3. Greenberg JH. The languages of Africa. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press. 196.


4. Saha N, Hamad RE, Mohamed S. Inbreeding effects on reproductive outcome in a Sudanese population. Hum Hered. 1990;40(4):208-212. PubMed | Google Scholar


5. Ahmed AH. Consanguinity and schizophrenia in Sudan. Br J Psychiatry. 1979;134:635-636. PubMed | Google Scholar


6. Saha N, el Sheikh FS. Inbreeding levels in Khartoum. J Biosoc Sci. 1988;20(3):333-33. PubMed | Google Scholar


7. US National Library of Medicine, PubMed, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ Accessed March 2013.


8. World Health organization. Index Medicus for the Eastern Mediterranean. Region (IMEMR) http://www.emro.who.int/information-resources/imemr-. Accessed March 2013.


9. Center for Arab Genomic Studies. Cataligue transmission of genetic diseases among Arabs, CTGA database http://www.cags.org.ae/ctga_search.html. Accessed March 2013.


10. Bereir RE, Hassan HY, Salih NA, Underhill PA, Cavalli-Sforza LL, et al. Co-introgression of Y-chromosome haplogroups and the sickle cell gene across Africa's Sahel. Eur J Hum Genet. 2007 Nov; 15(11):1183-5. PubMed | Google Scholar


11. Attalla B, Mohammed AO, Bashir FM, Ahmed FE, El Hassan AM, et al. Relationship of the sickle cell gene to the ethnic and geographic groups populating the Sudan. Community Genet. 2006;9(2): 113-120. PubMed | Google Scholar


12. Elderdery AY, Mills J, Mohamed BA, Cooper AJ, et al. Molecular analysis of the β-globin gene cluster haplotypes in a Sudanese population with sickle cell anaemia. Int J Lab Hematol. 2012 Jun;34(3):262-6. PubMed | Google Scholar


13. El-Hazmi MA, Al-Hazmi AM, Warsy AS. Sickle cell disease in Middle East Arab countries. Indian J Med Res.2011; 134(5):597-610. PubMed | Google Scholar


14. Elderdery AY, Mohamed BA, Cooper AJ, Knight G, Mills J. Tribal distribution of haemoglobinopathies in a Sudanese patient population. Journal of Medical Laboratory and Diagnosis. August 2011; 2(4):31-37.


15. Fedral Ministry of Health. Development of a national package for management of Sickle Cell Disorders. 8 Apr 2013. Khartoum. Available from: http://www.fmoh.gov.sd/Health-policy/Draft_PolicyBrief_SCD_Final.pdf.


16. Podhorodecka AG, Knap OM, Parczewski M, Kuleta AB, Ciechanowicz A. Sickle Cell Anemia-Associated Beta-Globin Mutation in Shagia and Manasir Tribes from Sudan. Pol J Environ. Stud (Internet) 2011 (cited 2012 Nov 24); 20 (6):1525-1530. PubMed | Google Scholar


17. Osman NO, Alfadni MH. The Prevalence of Sickle Cell Anemia in Northern Areas of Algadaref State, Sudan. Sudanese Journal of Public health. 2010 Jan; 5 (1).


18. Salih NA, Hussain AA, Almugtaba IA, Elzein AM, et al. Loss of balancing selection in the betaS globin locus. BMC Med Genet. 2010 Feb 3;11:21. PubMed | Google Scholar


19. Bayoumi RA, Taha TS, Saha N. A study of some genetic characteristics of the Fur and Baggara tribes of the Sudan. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1985 Aug;67(4):363-70. PubMed | Google Scholar


20. Luzzatto L. Sickle cell anaemia and malaria. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2012;4(1):e2012065. PubMed | Google Scholar


21. Al-Gazali L, Hamamy H, Al-Arrayad S. Genetic disorders in the Arab world. BMJ. 2006 Oct 21; 333(7573):831-4. PubMed | Google Scholar


22. Al Arrayed S. Campaign to control genetic blood diseases in Bahrain. Community Genet. 2005;8(1):52-5. PubMed | Google Scholar


23. Izady M, cartographer. Ethnic groups of republic of Sudan (Map). New York: Gulf/2000 project (US). Available from: http://gulf2000.columbia.edu/images/maps/Sudan_North_Ethnic_lg.jpg.