References
- Blei AT. Portal hypertension and its complications. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2007;23(3): 275-282. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Graham DY, Smith JL. The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage. Gastroenterology. 1981;80(4):800-809. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Stanley AJ, Hayes PC. Portal hypertension and variceal haemorrhage. Lancet. 1997; 350(9086):1235-1239. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Augustin S, González A, Genescà J. Acute esophageal variceal bleeding: Current strategies and new perspectives. World J Hepatol. 2010;2(7):261-274. PubMed | Google Scholar
- North Italian Endoscopic Club for the Study and Treatment of Esophageal Varices. Prediction of the first variceal hemorrhage in patients with cirrhosis of the liver and esophageal varices. A prospective Multicenter Study. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(15):983-989. PubMed | Google Scholar
- De Franchis R. Endoscopy critics vs. endoscopy enthusiasts for primary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding. Hepatology. 2006; 43(1):24-26. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Thomsen BL, Moller S, Sorensen TIA. Copenhagen Esophageal Varices Sclerotherapy Project. Optimized analysis of recurrent bleeding and death in patients with cirrhosis and esophageal varices. J Hepatol. 1994;21(3):367-375. PubMed | Google Scholar
- D'Amico G, Luca A. Natural history. Clinical-haemodynamic correlations. Prediction of the risk of bleeding. Bailliere's Clinical Gastroenterology. 1997;11(2):243-255. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Sarin SK, Govil A, Jain AK, Guptan RC, Issar SK, Jain M, Murthy NS.Prospective randomized trial of endoscopic sclerotherapy versus variceal band ligation for esophageal varices: influence on gastropathy, gastric varices and variceal recurrence. J Hepatol. 1997;26(4):826-832. PubMed | Google Scholar
- De Franchis R, BavenoV faculty. Revising consensus in portal hypertension: Report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2010;53(4):762-768. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Baron TH, Wong Kee, Song LM. Endoscopic variceal band ligation. Am J Gastroenterol. 2009; 104(5):1083-1085. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Geraci G, Arnone E, Lo Nigro C, Sciuto A, Modica G, Sciumè C. Endoscopic rubber band ligation in treatment of esophageal varices bleeding. Personal experience. G Chir. 2011;32(3):113-117. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Hsu YC, Chung CS, Wang HP. Application of Endoscopy in Improving Survival of Cirrhotic Patients with Acute Variceal Hemorrhage. Int J Hepatol. 2011; 2011:893973. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Villanueva C, Minana J, Ortiz J, Gallego A, Soriano G, Torras X, Sáinz S, Boadas J, Cussó X, Guarner C, Balanzó J. Endoscopic ligation compared with combined treatment with nadolol and isosorbide mononitrate to prevent recurrent variceal bleeding. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(9):647-655. PubMed | Google Scholar
- De la Peña J, Rivero M, Sanchez E, Fábrega E, Crespo J, Pons-Romero F. Variceal ligation compared with endoscopic sclerotherapy for variceal hemorrhage: prospective randomized trial. Gastrointestinal endoscopy. 1999;49(4 pt. 1):417-423. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Ouakaa-Kchaou A, Kharrat J, Mir K, Houda B, Abdelli N, Ajmi S, Azzouz M, Ben Abdallah H, Ben Mami N, Bouzaidi S, Chouaib S, Golli L, Melki W, Najjar T, Saffar H, Belhadj N, Ghorbel A. Variceal band ligation in the prevention of variceal bleeding: A multicenter trial. The saudi journal of gastroenterology. 2011;17(2):105-109. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Altinta? E, Sezgin O, Kaçar S, Tunç B, Parlak E, Altiparmak E, Sarita? U. Esophageal variceal ligation for acute variceal bleeding: Results of three years' follow-up. Turk J Gastroenterol. 2004;15(1):27-33. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Ko SY, Kim JH, Choe WH, Kwon SY, Lee CH. Pharmacotherapy alone vs endoscopic variceal ligation combination for secondary prevention of oesophageal variceal bleeding: meta-analysis. Liver Int. 2011 Dec 2; doi: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02681.x. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Roberts L, Kamath PS. Pathophysiology and treatment of variceal hemorrhage. Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 1996;71(10):973-983. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Stiegmann GV, Goff JS, Michaletz-Onody PA, Korula J, Lieberman D, Saeed ZA, Reveille RM, Sun JH, Lowenstein SR. Endoscopic sclerotherapy as compared with endoscopic ligation for bleeding esophageal varices. N Engl J Med. 1992;326 (23) :1527-1532. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Hou MC, Lin HC, Kuo BI, Chen CH, Lee FY, Lee SD. Comparison of endoscopic variceal injection sclerotherapy and ligation for the treatment of esophageal variceal hemorrhage: a prospective randomized trial. Hepatology. 1995;21(6):1517-1522. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Fakhry S, Ömer M, Nouh A. Endoscopic sclerotherapy versus endoscopic variceal ligation in the management of bleeding esophageal varices: a preliminary report of a prospective randomized study in schistosomal hepatic fibrosis [Abstract]. Hepatology. 1995; 22: 251. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Avgerinos A, Armonis A, Manolakopoulos S, Avgerinos A, Armonis A, Manolakopoulos S, Poulianos G, Rekoumis G, Sgourou A, Gouma P, Raptis S. Endoscopic sclerotherapy versus variceal ligation in the long-term management of patients with cirrhosis after variceal bleeding. A prospective randomized trial. J Hepatol. 1997;26(5):1034-1041. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Baroncini D, Milandri GL, Borioni D, Piemontese A, Cennamo V, Billi P, Dal Monte PP, D'Imperio N. A prospective, randomized trial of sclerotherapy versus ligation in the elective treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Endoscopy. 1997;29(4):235-240. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Masci E, Norberto L, D'Imperio N. Prospective multicentric randomized trial comparing banding ligation with sclerotherapy of esophageal varices. Hepatogastroenterology. 1999 May-Jun;46(27):1769-73. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Masumoto H, Toyonaga A, Oho K. Ligation plus low-volume sclerotherapy for high-risk esophageal varices: comparisons versus ligation therapy or sclerotherapy alone. J Gastroenterol. 1998;33(1):1-5. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Saeed ZA, Stiegmann GV, Ramirez FC, Reveille RM, Goff JS, Hepps KS, Cole RA. Endoscopic variceal ligation is superior to combined ligation and sclerotherapy for esophageal varices: a multicenter prospective randomized trial. Hepatology. 1997;25(1):71-74. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Grgov S, Stamenkovi? P. Does sclerotherapy of remnant little oesophageal varices after endoscopic ligation have impact on the reduction of recurrent varices? Prospective study. Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2011;139(5-6):328-332. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Lo GH, Lai KH, Cheng JS, Lin CK, Huang JS, Hsu PI, Huang HC, Chiang HT. The additive effect of sclerotherapy to patients receiving repeated endoscopic variceal ligation: a prospective randomized trial. Hepatology. 1998;28(2):391-395. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Hokari K, Kato M, Katagiri M. A new combined therapeutic method for esophageal varices: endoscopic variceal ligation followed by mucosa-fibrosing with microwave [Abstract]. Gastroenterology. 1998; 114(1): L0242. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Garcia-Pagan JC, De Gottardi A, Bosch J. Review article: The modern management of portal hypertension ? primary and secondary prophylaxis of variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008;28(2):178?186. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Silvanou S, Potenza I, Debernardi Venon W. Endoscopic variceal ligation for prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding: Technical aspects and outcome. Dig Liv Dis. 2009; 41S:167. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Chandrasekhara V, Yepuri J, Sreenarasimhaiah J. Clinical predictors for recurrence of esophageal varices after obliteration by Endoscopic Band ligation. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;65(5):148. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Nguyen KC, Nguyen TH. Efficacy of endoscopic multi-site band ligation in eradicating esophageal varices. Gastrointest Endosc. 2009;69(5):222. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Spaander MC, Darwish Murad S, van Buuren HR, Hansen BE, Kuipers EJ, Janssen HL. Endoscopic treatment of esophagogastric variceal bleeding in patients with noncirrhotic extrahepatic portal vein thrombosis: A long-term follow-up study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2008; 67(6):821?827. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Zargar SA, Javid G, Khan BA, Shah OJ, Yattoo GN, Shah AH, Gulzar GM, Singh J, Shah NA, Shafi HM. Endoscopic ligation vs. sclerotherapy in adults with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction: A prospective randomized study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2005; 61(1):58?66. PubMed | Google Scholar
- De Franchis R. Evolving consensus in portal hypertension report of the Baveno IV consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension. J Hepatol. 2005; 43(1):167?176. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Garcia-Tsao G, Sanyal AJ, Grace ND. Prevention and management of gastroesophageal varices and variceal hemorrhage in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2007; 46(3): 922?938. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Laine L, el-Newihi HM, Migikovsky B, Sloane R, Garcia F. Endoscopic ligation compared with sclerotherapy for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices. Ann Intern Med. 1993; 119(1):1-7. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Jensen DM, Kovacs TO, Randall GM. Initial results of a randomized prospective study of emergency banding vs sclerotherapy for bleeding gastric or esophageal varices [Abstract]. Gastrointest Endosc 1993; 39: 279. Google Scholar
- Lo GH, Lai KH, Cheng JS, Lin CK, Huang JS, Hsu PI, Chiang HT. Emergency banding ligation versus sclerotherapy for the control of active bleeding from esophageal varices. Hepatology 1997;25(5):1101-1104. Google Scholar
- Gimson AE, Ramage JK, Panos MZ, Hayllar K, Harrison PM, Williams R, Westaby D. Randomised trial of variceal banding ligation versus injection sclerotherapy for bleeding oesophageal varices. Lancet 1993; 342(8868): 391-394. Google Scholar
- Petrasch F, Grothaus J, Mössner J, Schiefke I, Hoffmeister A. Differences in bleeding behavior after endoscopic band ligation: a retrospective analysis. BMC Gastroenterology. 2010; 10: 5. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Misra SP, Misra V, Dwivedi M. Effect of esophageal variceal band ligation on hemorrhoids, anorectal varices, and portal hypertensive colopathy. Endoscopy. 2002; 34(3): 195-198. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Lo GH, Lai KH, Cheng JS, Hsu PI, Chen TA, Wang EM, Lin CK, Chiang HT. The effects of endoscopic variceal ligation and proprano-lol on portal hypertensive gastropathy: a prospective, controlled trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 2001;53(6):579-584. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Sarwar S, Khan AA, Alam A, Butt AK, Shafqat F, Malik K, Ahmad I, Niazi AK. Effect of band ligation on portal hypertensive gastropathy and development of fundal varices. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2006; 18(1): 32-35. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Schepke M, Biecker E, Appenrodt B, Heller J, Sauerbruch T. Coexisting gastric varices should not preclude prophylactic ligation of large esophageal varices in cirrhosis. Digestion. 2009; 80(3): 165-169. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Zanasi G, Rossi A, Grosso C, Bini M, Gambitta P, Pirone Z, Arcidiacono R. The effect of endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices on the development of gastric varices. Endoscopy. 1996; 28(2):234-238. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Samiullah S, Memon MS, Memon HG, Ghori A. Secondary gastric varices in hepatic cirrhosis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2011; 21(10): 593-596. PubMed | Google Scholar
- De la Pena J, Rivero M, Sanchez E. Variceal ligation compa-red with endoscopic sclerotherapy for variceal hemorrhage: prospective randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc. 1999; 49(4 pt 1): 417-423. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Sato M. Effects of endoscopic variceal ligation on systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics in patients with cirrhosis. Kurume Med J. 1997; 44(3): 191-199. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Kanke K, Ishida M, Yajima N, Saito M, Suzuki Y, Masuyama H, Hiraishi H, Terano A. Gastric mucosal congestion following endoscope-ic variceal ligation analysis using reflectance spectrophotom-etry. Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi. 1996;93(10):701-706. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Tayama C, Iwao T, Oho K, Toyonaga A, Tanikawa K. Effect of large fundal varices on changes in gastric mucosal hemodynamics after endoscopic variceal ligation. Endoscopy. 1998; 30(1): 25-31. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Korula J, Ralls P. The effects of chronic endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy on portal pressure in cirrhotics. Gastroenterology. 1991;101(3):800-805. PubMed | Google Scholar