References

  1. WHO. The global burden of disease: update 2004. 2008. http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_full.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2011.

  2. WHO. Chronic Diseases and Their Common Risk Factors. http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/media/Factsheet1.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2011.

  3. WHO. The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke, parts 1, 2 and 6. http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/resources/atlas/en/. Accessed March 15, 2011.

  4. WHO. Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. The World Health Report. http://www.who.int/whr/2002/en/index.html. Accessed March 15, 2011.

  5. Vasan R.S, Lisa M. Sullivan, Peter W.F. Wilson, Christopher T. Sempos, Johan Sundström, William B. Kannel, et al . Relative Importance of Borderline and Elevated Levels of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2005; 142(6): 393-402. PubMed | Google Scholar

  6. Topol EJ, Steven PM, and Brian PG. Manual of cardiovascular medicine, cardiovascular risk factors. 2000. USA, NY. Lippincott Williams& Wilkins.

  7. M. Mohsen Ibrahim. Short review of hypertension, coronary artery disease, Egyptian Hypertension Society Guidelines 2004. www.ehs-egypt.net/pdf/cor-art-dis.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2011.

  8. M.Radwan and ShabinazGadslab. Epidemiology of diabetes Mellitus in Egypt. The Egyptian journal of community medicine. 2002; 20(1): 89-93. PubMed | Google Scholar

  9. Scott M.Grundy, Gary J. Balady, Michael H. Criqui, Gerald Fletcher, Philip Greenland, Loren F. Hiratzka, et al . Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease: Guidance from Framingham: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the AHA Task Force on Risk Reduction, American heart association. Circulation. 1998; 97(18): 1876-1887. PubMed | Google Scholar

  10. WHO. Therapeutic education of patients with coronary heart disease, Europe. 2005. www.euro.who.int/document/E88278.pdf. Accessed March 15, 2011.

  11. Racial , Ethnic and Socioeconomic Disparities in Multiple Risk Factors for Heart Disease and Stroke, United States. 2005. http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/293/12/1441. Accessed March 15, 2011.

  12. Al-Safi SA, Alkofahi AS, and El-Eid HS. Public Response to Chest Pain in Jordan. European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. 2005; 4(2): 139-44. PubMed | Google Scholar

  13. EUROASPIRE I and II Group; European Action on Secondary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events. Clinical reality of coronary prevention guidelines: a comparison of EUROASPIRE I and II in nine countries. EUROASPIRE I and II Group. European Action on Secondary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events. Lancet. 2001 Mar 31;357(9261):995-1001. Google Scholar

  14. Kelly DT. Paul Dudley White, International Lecture. Our future society, a global challenge. Circulation. 1997; 95(11):2459-64. PubMed | Google Scholar

  15. Rosenfeld AG, Lindauer A, and Darne BG. Understanding Treatment-Seeking Delay in Women with Acute Myocardial Infarction: Descriptions of Decision-Making Patterns. American Journal of Critical Care. 2005; 14(4): 285-293. Google Scholar

  16. Brian D. Fisher, Margaret Casey, Thomas Melnik .Heart Attack and Stroke: Signs & Symptoms. BRFSS. 2003; 10(1):1-11 PubMed | Google Scholar

  17. Greenlund KJ, Keenan NL, Giles WH, Zheng ZJ, Neff LJ, Croft JB., et al. Public Recognition of Major Signs and Symptoms of Heart Attack: Seventeen States and the US Virgin Islands, 2001. American Heart Journal. 2004; 147(6): 1010-1016. PubMed | Google Scholar

  18. Lori Mosca, Anjanette Ferris, Rosalind Fabunmi, Rose Marie Robertson. Tracking women's Awareness of Heart Disease. An American Heart Association National Study. American Heart Association, Circulation. 2004; 109:573-579. PubMed | Google Scholar

  19. Mosca L, Jones WK., King KB., Ouyang P, Redberg RF, and Hill MN. Awareness, Perception, and Knowledge of Heart Disease Risk and Prevention among Women in the United States: American Heart Association Women's Heart Disease and Stroke Campaign Task Force. Arch Family Med. 2000; 9(6): 506-15. PubMed | Google Scholar

  20. Kurt J.Greenlund, Zhi Jie Zheng, Nora L.Keenan, Wayne H. Giles, Michele L.Casper, George A.Mensah, et al. Trends in Self-Reported Multiple Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Adults in the United States, 1991-1999. Arch Intern Med. 2004; 164(2): 181-188. PubMed | Google Scholar

  21. R Horne, D James, K Petrie, J Weinman, and R Vincent. Patients' Interpretation of Symptoms as a Cause of Delay in Reaching Hospital during Acute Myocardial Infarction. Heart. 2000; 83(4): 388-393. PubMed | Google Scholar

  22. Kim M.Gans, Susan F.Assmann Anthony Sallar, and Thomas M.Lasater. Knowledge of Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: An Analysis from Two New England Communities 1999. Preventive Med. 2002; 29(4): 229-237. PubMed | Google Scholar

  23. Davis SK, Winkleby MA, Farquhar JW. Increasing disparity in knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and risk reduction strategies by socioeconomic status: American journal of Preventive Medicine. 1995; 11(5):318-323. PubMed | Google Scholar

  24. Dodani S, Mistry R, Khwaja A, Farooqi M, Qureshi R, and Kazmi K. Prevalence and Awareness of Risk Factors and Behaviours of Coronary Heart Disease in an Urban Population of Karachi, the Largest City of Pakistan: A Community Survey. J Public Health (Oxf). 2005; 27(3): 309-10. PubMed | Google Scholar

  25. Moser DK, Kimble LP, Alberts MJ, Alonzo A, Croft JB, Dracup K , et al. Reducing Delay in Seeking Treatment by Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome and Stroke: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Nursing and Stroke Council. Circulation. 2006; 114(2): 168-82. PubMed | Google Scholar

  26. National service framework for coronary heart disease: Department of Health, England. 2000. http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publicationsandstatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/DH_4094275. Accessed March 15, 2011.

  27. Hugh J. Arnold and Daniel C.Feldman. Academy of Management Journal. 1981; 24(2): 277-385. PubMed | Google Scholar