References

1. Garrouste-Orgeas M, Montuclard L, Timsit JF, Reignier J, Desmettre T, Karoubi P et al. Predictors of intensive care unit refusal in French intensive care units: a multiple-center study. Critical care medicine. 2005 Apr; 33(4): 750-5. PubMed | Google Scholar


2. Heyland DK, Dodek P, Mehta S, Cook D, Garland A, Stelfox HT et al. Admission of the very elderly to the intensive care unit: family members' perspectives on clinical decision-making from a multicenter cohort study. Palliative medicine. 2015 Apr; 29(4): 324-35. PubMed | Google Scholar


3. Fan E, Cheek F, Chlan L, Gosselink R, Hart N, Herridge MS et al. An official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice guideline: the diagnosis of intensive care unit-acquired weakness in adults. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2014 Dec 15; 190(12): 1437-46. PubMed | Google Scholar


4. Kleinpell R, Ward NS, Kelso LA, Mollenkopf FP, Jr, Houghton D. Provider to patient ratios for nurse practitioners and physician assistants in critical care units. American journal of critical care: an official publication, American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. 2015 May; 24(3): e16-21. PubMed | Google Scholar


5. Robert R, Reignier J, Tournoux-Facon C, Boulain T, Lesieur O, Gissot V et al. Refusal of intensive care unit admission due to a full unit: impact on mortality. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2012 May 15; 185(10): 1081-7. PubMed | Google Scholar


6. Nates JL, Nunnally M, Kleinpell R, Blosser S, Goldner J, Birriel B et al. ICU Admission, Discharge and Triage Guidelines: a Framework to Enhance Clinical Operations, Development of Institutional Policies and Further Research. Critical care medicine. 2016 Aug; 44(8): 1553-602. PubMed | Google Scholar


7. Garrouste-Orgeas M, Timsit JF, Montuclard L, Colvez A, Gattolliat O, Philippart F et al. Decision-making process, outcome and 1-year quality of life of octogenarians referred for intensive care unit admission. Intensive care medicine. 2006 Jul; 32(7): 1045-51. PubMed | Google Scholar


8. Pintado MC, Villa P, Gonzalez-Garcia N, Lujan J, Molina R, Trascasa M et al. Characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients refused to ICU. TheScientificWorldJournal. 2013; 2013: 590837. PubMed | Google Scholar


9. Orsini J, Blaak C, Yeh A, Fonseca X, Helm T, Butala A et al. Triage of Patients Consulted for ICU Admission During Times of ICU-Bed Shortage. Journal of clinical medicine research. 2014 Dec; 6(6): 463-8. PubMed | Google Scholar


10. Goldwasser RS, Lobo MS, de Arruda EF, Angelo SA, Lapa e Silva JR, de Salles AA et al. Difficulties in access and estimates of public beds in intensive care units in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Revista de saude publica. 2016; 50: 19. PubMed | Google Scholar


11. Joynt GM, Gomersall CD, Tan P, Lee A, Cheng CA, Wong EL. Prospective evaluation of patients refused admission to an intensive care unit: triage, futility and outcome. Intensive care medicine. 2001 Sep; 27(9): 1459-65. PubMed | Google Scholar


12. Consensus statement on the triage of critically ill patients. Society of Critical Care Medicine Ethics Committee. Jama. 1994 Apr 20; 271(15): 1200-3. PubMed | Google Scholar


13. Iapichino G, Corbella D, Minelli C, Mills GH, Artigas A, Edbooke DL et al. Reasons for refusal of admission to intensive care and impact on mortality. Intensive care medicine. 2010 Oct; 36(10): 1772-9. PubMed | Google Scholar


14. Wang X, Li S. Effect of small-dose levosimendan on mortality rates and organ functions in Chinese elderly patients with sepsis. Clinical interventions in aging. 2017; 12: 917-21. PubMed | Google Scholar


15. Garrouste-Orgeas M, Montuclard L, Timsit JF, Misset B, Christias M, Carlet J. Triaging patients to the ICU: a pilot study of factors influencing admission decisions and patient outcomes. Intensive care medicine. 2003 May; 29(5): 774-81. PubMed | Google Scholar


16. Chen YY, Gordon NH, Connors AF, Jr, Garland A, Lai HS, Youngner SJ. Factors associated with two different protocols of do-not-resuscitate orders in a medical ICU*. Critical care medicine. 2014 Oct; 42(10): 2188-96. PubMed | Google Scholar


17. Le Guen MP, Tobin AE, Reid D. Intensive care unit admission in patients following rapid response team activation: call factors, patient characteristics and hospital outcomes. Anaesthesia and intensive care. 2015 Mar; 43(2): 211-5. PubMed | Google Scholar


18. Reignier J, Dumont R, Katsahian S, Martin-Lefevre L, Renard B, Fiancette M et al. Patient-related factors and circumstances surrounding decisions to forego life-sustaining treatment, including intensive care unit admission refusal. Critical care medicine. 2008 Jul; 36(7): 2076-83. PubMed | Google Scholar