References
- Delzell JE and Lefebvre ML. Urinary tract infections during pregnancy. Am Fam Physician. 2000; 61(3): 713–721. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Imade PE, Izekor PE, Eghafona NO, Enabulele OI, Ophori E. Asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women. North Am J Med Sci. 2010; 2(6): 263–266. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Jain V, Das V, Agarwal A, Pandey A and al. Asymptomatic bacteriuria & obstetric outcome following treatment in early versus late pregnancy in north Indian women. Indian J Med Res. 2013; 137(4): 753. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Sujatha R. Prevalence of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and its Antibacterial Susceptibility Pattern among Pregnant Women Attending the Antenatal Clinic at Kanpur, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014; 8(4): DC01-DC03. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Schnarr J, Smaill F. Asymptomatic bacteriuria
and symptomatic urinary tract infections in pregnancy.
Eur J Clin Invest. 2008; 38(2): 50–57. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Nester EW, Anderson DG, Sarah S, Deborah A. Nester’s
microbiology: a human perspective, in Microbiology
a human perspective, 7th ed., New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
Education, 2016. Google
Scholar
- Sultan A, Rizvi M, Khan F, Sami H, Shukla I, Khan
HM. Increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens:
Is fosfomycin the answer? Urol Ann. 2015; 7(1): 26–30. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Farshad S, Emamghoraishi F, Japoni A and al. Association of virulent genes hly, sfa, cnf-1 and pap with antibiotic sensitivity in Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with community-acquired UTI. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2010; 1: 33–37. Google Scholar
- Bookallil M, Chalmers E, Andrew B. Challenges
in preventing pyelonephritis in pregnant women in Indigenous
communities. Rural Remote Health. 2005; 5(3): 395. PubMed | Google
Scholar
- Mignini L et al. Accuracy of diagnostic tests to detect asymptomatic bacteriuria during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2009; 113(2): 346-352. PubMed | Google Scholar
- The State of the African Cities Report 2008. [Online]. Available: http://unhabitat.org/books/the-state-of-the-african-cities-report-2008/. [Accessed: 09-Oct-2016]. Google Scholar
- UN-Habitat, Ed., The state of African cities 2008: a framework for addressing urban challenges in Africa. Nairobi: UN-HABITAT. 2008. Google Scholar
- Cedric Mims, last Hazel Dockrell, second Richard Goering and Ivan Roitt. Medical Microbiology, 3e (Medical Microbiology Series): 9780723432593: Medicine & Health Science Books @ Amazon.com.” [Online]. Available: https://www.amazon.com/Medical-Microbiology-3e/dp/0723432597. [Accessed: 09-Oct-2016]. Google Scholar
- CLSI. Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute: CLSI Guidelines. [Online]. Available: http://clsi.org/. [Accessed: 09-Oct-2016]. Google Scholar
- Sundar RO, Richard J. Introduction to Biostatistics and Research Methods Book, 5TH. 2012. Google Scholar
- Nicolle LE. Management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015; 15(11): 1252–1254. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Weissenbacher ER, Rosenberger K. Uncomplicated urinary tract infections in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 1993; 5(4): 513–516. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Moyo SJ, Aboud S, Kasubi M, Maselle SY. Bacterial isolates and drug susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infection among pregnant women at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania. Tanzan J Health Res. 2010; 12(4): 236–240. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Olusanya O, Ogunledun, Fakoya TA. Asymptomatic significant bacteriuria among pregnant and non pregnant women in Sagam, Nigeria. Cent Afr J Med. 1992 Jul;38(7):297-302. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Getachew F, Gizachew Y, Yitayih W, Yitayih W, Zufan S. The Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility pat tern of Bacterial Uropathogens Isolated from pregnant women. European Journal of Experimental Biology. 2012; 2(5): 1497–1502. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Amadi ES, OBE, CJU, OKN, RAO, OCU. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Nigeria. J Med Sci. 2007; 7(4): 698-700. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Akerele J, Abhulimen P, Okonofua F. Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Benin City, Nigeria. J Obstet Gynaecol J Inst Obstet Gynaecol. 2001; 21(2): 141–144. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Nabbugodi WF, Gichuhi JW, Mugo NW. Prevalence of urinary tract infection, microbial aetiology, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern among antenatal women presenting with lower abdominal pains at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya. Open Access J Sci Technol. 2015; 3. Google Scholar
- El-Sokkary M. Prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in antenatal women with preterm labor at an Egyptian tertiary center. J Am Sci. 2011; 7(4): 605–610. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Moghadas JA, Irajian G. Asymptomatic urinary tract infection in pregnant women. Iran J Pathol. 2009; 4(3): 105–108. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Hazhir S. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women. Urol J. 2007; 4(1): 24–27. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Maniga NJ, Mogaka G, Nyambane L, Eilu E. Prevalence and susceptibility pattern of bacterial Urinary Tract Infections among pregnant HIV positive w omen in Gucha sub county, Kenya. Spec Bact Pathog J. 2015; 1(1): 00010–00015. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Turpin C, Minkah B, Danso K, Frimpong E. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria in Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana. Ghana Med J. 2007; 41(1): 26–29. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Onu FA, Ajah LO, Ezeonu PO, Umeora OUJ, Ibekwe PC, Ajah MI. Profile and microbiological isolates of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Infect Drug Resist. 2015; 8: 231–235. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Awonuga DO et al. Predictors of asymptomatic bacteriuria among obstetric population in Ibadan. Niger J Med J Natl Assoc Resid Dr Niger. 2010; 19(2): 188–193. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Perera J, Randeniya C, Perera P, Gamhewage N, Jayalatharchchi R. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy: prevalence, risk factors and causative organisms. Sri Lankan J Infect Dis. 2012; 2(1): 2012. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Stenqvist K et al. Bacteriuria in pregnancy Frequency and risk of acquisition. Am J Epidemiol. 1989; 129(2): 372–379. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Nnatu S, Essien EE, Akinkugbe AA. Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant Nigerian patients. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 1989; 16(4): 126-129. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Tugrul S, Oral O, Kumru P, Köse D, Alkan A, Yildirim G. Evaluation and importance of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 32(4): 237-240. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Younis N, Khattab H, Zurayk H, El-Mouelhy M, Amin MF, Farag AM. A community study of gynecological and related morbidities in rural Egypt. Stud Fam Plann. 1993; 24(3): 175–186. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Ankur Goyal et al. Prevalence of Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infections in the Three Trimesters of Pregnancy. Inte J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2015; Special Issue 1:110-117. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Mokube MN, Atashili J, Halle-Ekane GE, Ikomey GM, Ndumbe PM. Bacteriuria amongst Pregnant Women in the Buea Health District, Cameroon: prevalence, predictors, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and diagnosis. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(8): e71086. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Akoachere JFTK, Yvonne S, Akum NH, Seraphine EN. Etiologic profile and antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired urinary tract infection in two Cameroonian towns. BMC Res Notes. 2012; 5: 219. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Demilie T, Beyene G, Melaku S, Tsegaye W. Urinary bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among pregnant women in North West Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2012; 22(2): 121–128. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Sheffield JS, Cunningham FG. Urinary tract infection in women. Obstet Gynecol. 2005; 106(5): 1085–1092. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Amiri FN, Rooshan MH, Ahmady MH, Soliamani MJ. Hygiene practices and sexual activity associated with urinary tract infection in pregnant women. East Mediterr Health J. 2009 Jan-Feb;15(1):104-10. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Arredondo-García L, Amábile-Cuevas CF. High resistance prevalence towards ampicillin, co-trimoxazole and ciprofloxacin, among uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in Mexico City. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2008; 2(5): 350–353. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Kariuki S et al. Escherichia coli from community-acquired urinary tract infections resistant to fluoroquinolones and extended-spectrum beta-lactams. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2007; 1(3): 257–262. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Oladeinde BH, Omoregie R, Oladeinde OB. Asymptomatic Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women Receiving Ante-Natal Care in a Traditional Birth Home in Benin City, Nigeria. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2015; 25(1): 3–8. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Maina D, Makau P, Nyerere A, Revathi G. Antimicrobial resistance patterns in extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in a private tertiary hospital, Kenya. Microbiol Discov. 2013; 1(1): 5. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Zur Wiesch PA, Kouyos R, Engelstädter J, Regoes RR, Bonheoffer S. Population biological principles of drug-resistance evolution in infectious diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011; 11(3): 236–247. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Ventola CL. The Antibiotic Resistance Crisis. Pharm Ther. 2015; 40(4): 277–283. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Read AF, Woods RJ. Antibiotic resistance management. Evol Med Public Health. 2014; 2014(1): 147–147. PubMed | Google Scholar
- Gross M. Antibiotics in crisis. Curr Biol. 2013 Dec 16; 23(24): R1063-5. PubMed | Google Scholar