References

  1. Black RE, Morris SS, Bryce J. Where and why are 10 million children dying every year?. Lancet. 2003; 361(9376):2226-2234. This article on PubMed

  2. Rudan I, Boschi-Pinto C, Biloglav Z, Mulholland K, Campbell H. Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia. Bull World Health Organ. 2008; 86(5):408-416. This article on PubMed

  3. Williams BG, Gouws E et al. Estimates of world-wide distribution of child deaths from acute respiratory infections. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002; 2(1):25-32. This article on PubMed

  4. UNICEF/WHO. Pneumonia: The forgotten killer of children. UNICEF; 2006

  5. Morris SS, Black RE, Tomaskovic L. Predicting the distribution of under-five deaths by cause in countries without adequate vital registration systems. Int J Epidemiol. 2003; 32(6):1041-1051. This article on PubMed

  6. WHO. World Health Statistics. Geneva; 2007

  7. Black RE, Cousens S, Johnson HL et al. Global, regional, and national causes of child mortality in 2008: a systematic analysis. Lancet. 2010; 375(9730):1969-1987. This article on PubMed

  8. WHO (Ed). Acute respiratory infections in children: case management in small hospitals in developing countries: A manual for doctors and other senoir health workers. Geneva. Switzerland; 1990

  9. WHO_FCH_CAH. Cough or difficult breathing. 2000

  10. Rudan I, Tomaskovic L, Boschi-Pinto C, Campbell H. Global estimate of the incidence of clinical pneumonia among children under five years of age. Bull World Health Organ. 2004; 82(12):895-903. This article on PubMed

  11. Puchalski Ritchie LM, Howie SR, Arenovich T, Cheung YB, Weber M, Moore S, Adegbola RA. Long-term morbidity from severe pneumonia in early childhood in The Gambia, West Africa: a follow-up study. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2009; 13(4):527-532. This article on PubMed

  12. McNally LM, Jeena PM, Gajee K, Thula SA, Sturm AW, Cassol S, Tomkins AM, Coovadia HM, Goldblatt D. Effect of age, polymicrobial disease, and maternal HIV status on treatment response and cause of severe pneumonia in South African children: a prospective descriptive study. Lancet. 2007; 369(9571):1440-1451. This article on PubMed

  13. Scott JA, Brooks WA, Peiris JS, Holtzman D, Mulholland EK. Pneumonia research to reduce childhood mortality in the developing world. J Clin Invest. 2008; 118(4):1291-1300. This article on PubMed

  14. Shah N, Ramankutty V, Premila PG, Sathy N. Risk factors for severe pneumonia in children in south Kerala: a hospital-based case-control study. J Trop Pediatr. 1994 Aug;40(4):201-6. This article on PubMed

  15. Broor S, Pandey RM, Ghosh M, Maitreyi RS, Lodha R, Singhal T, Kabra SK. Risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in under-five children. Indian pediatrics. 2001; 38(12):1361-1369. This article on PubMed

  16. Macro. KNBOSKaI. Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2008-09. Edited by KNBS. Calverton, Maryland: KNBS and ICF Macro; 2010

  17. Fleiss J (Ed.). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 1981

  18. O'Brien KL, Walters MI, Sellman J, Quinlisk P, Regnery H, Schwartz B, Dowell SF. Severe pneumococcal pneumonia in previously healthy children: the role of preceding influenza infection. Clinical infectious diseases. 2000; 30(5):784-789. This article on PubMed

  19. Waterer G, Rello J. Why should we measure bacterial load when treating community-acquired pneumonia? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2011 Apr;24(2):137-41. This article on PubMed

  20. Kallander K, Hildenwall H et al. Delayed care seeking for fatal pneumonia in children aged under five years in Uganda: a case-series study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2008; 86(5):332-338. This article on PubMed

  21. Hildenwall H, Nantanda R, Tumwine JK et al. Care-seeking in the development of severe community acquired pneumonia in Ugandan children. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2009; 29(4):281-289. This article on PubMed

  22. Reyes H, Perez-Cuevas R et al. Infant mortality due to acute respiratory infections: the influence of primary care processes. Health Policy Plan. 1997; 12(3):214-223. This article on PubMed

  23. WHO/UNICEF. Management of Pneumonia in Community Settings. 2004

  24. Suwanjutha S, Ruangkanchanasetr S et al. Risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of pneumonia in Thai children under 5 years. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1994; 25(1):60-66. This article on PubMed

  25. Sehgal V, Sethi GR, Sachdev HP, Satyanarayana L. Predictors of mortality in subjects hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infections. Indian pediatrics. 1997; 34(3):213-219. This article on PubMed

  26. Bliss SJ, O'Brien KL, Janoff EN, Cotton MF, Musoke P, Coovadia H, Levine OS. The evidence for using conjugate vaccines to protect HIV-infected children against pneumococcal disease. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008; 8(1):67-80. This article on PubMed

  27. Madhi SA, Petersen K, Madhi A, Wasas A, Klugman KP. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on the disease spectrum of Streptococcus pneumoniae in South African children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2000; 19(12):1141-1147. This article on PubMed

  28. Sazawal S, Black RE. Effect of pneumonia case management on mortality in neonates, infants, and preschool children: a meta-analysis of community-based trials. Lancet Infect Dis. 2003; 3(9):547-556. This article on PubMed

  29. Theodoratou E, Al-Jilaihawi S et al. The effect of case management on childhood pneumonia mortality in developing countries. Int J Epidemiol. 2010; 39 Suppl 1:i155-171. This article on PubMed

  30. Soofi S, Ahmed S, Fox MP, MacLeod WB et al. Effectiveness of community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2-59 months in Matiari district, rural Pakistan: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012 Feb 25;379(9817):729-37. This article on PubMed

  31. Marsh DR, Gilroy KE et al. Community case management of pneumonia: at a tipping point?. Bull World Health Organ. 2008; 86(5):381-389. This article on PubMed

&n