Introduction: prelacteal feeding remains an obstacle in achieving the best breastfeeding practices in the country. The growing poor breastfeeding practices are made worse by the continued engagement of the communities in prelacteal feeding practices. This study aimed at assessing the determinants of prelacteal feeding among mothers of children aged less than 24 months in Ile-Ife Southwest, Nigeria.

Methods: a community-based cross-sectional study that employed quantitative and qualitative methods. Two hundred and fifty-five (255) mother with children aged 0-23 months were recruited into the study using a multistage sampling technique. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis Descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis was done.

Results: in this study, 26.3% of children were given prelacteal feeds. Glucose water (46.3%), sugar water (25.4%) and infant formula (17.9%) were commonly given prelacteal feeds. On multivariate analysis initiating breastfeeding after one hour (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.74, 95% CI 1.43, 5.23), not attending antenatal clinic (AOR = 2.52, 95% CI 1.05, 5.33), delivery via caesarian section 52% (AOR = 1.52, 95 % CI 1.10, 6.34) were associated with increased odds of giving prelacteal feeds. Delivery attended by health professional 25% (AOR = 0.75. 95% CI 0.42, 0.97), highest wealth quintiles 21% (AOR =0.79, 95 % CI 0.51, 0.94) were associated with lowers odds of giving prelacteal feeds.

Conclusion: prelacteal feeding was prevalent in the study community and associated with community, individual and health service-related factors. Intervention that strengthens individual and community access to appropriate health information and maternal health services is vital in reducing prelacteal feeding practices.